Chemical Constituents of Egyptian Withania Somnifera Leaves and Fruits and their Anticholinesterase Activity

Abstract

Seven compounds were isolated from the leaves and fruits of Egyptian Withania somnifera dunal, (Family: Solanaceae). The identity of the compounds based on their spectroscopic data were as follows: two withanolides; withaperuvin C (1), phyperunolideF (2) and four lipids;1,2-di-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6´´´-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl)-glycerol (3), vaccenic acid (5), 1,3 dicaproyl,2-vaccenoyl-glycerol (6), vaccenolymonoglyceride (7) and β-sitosterol glucoside (4). All the isolated metabolites except (4) were reported for the first time from this plant. Besides, this is the first report for isolation of compounds (6, 7) in a pure form from a natural source. Different fractions of the fruits of the Egyptian plant were investigated for their anticholinesterase activities where the most potent ones found to be the aqueous, the light petroleum fraction in addition to a mixture of lipids.

Recent Advancements in Extraction Techniques of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) with Insights on Phytochemicals, Structural Significance, Pharmacology, and Current Trends in Food Applications

“…Campesterol (119), cycloartenol (120), and stigmasterol ( 122) have all been reported from WS plant parts. 34,52,74 Similarly, the plant contains fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (129) and oleic acid (131). Fruits contain coumarins such as aesculetin (135) and scopoletin (136), which serve as a distinguishing feature in the detection of adulteration 38 [Table 4].…”

“…Withanolide E (38) is one such withanolides with 14α,17α,20β-hydroxyl substitution reported from WS. − There are multiple reports of δ16–14α-hydroxy withanolides. These consist of phyperunolide A (39) and 15-acetyloxy withanolides such as withangulatin A (41) . Glotter et al isolated seven compounds, as withanolides G (45) and I (47) are 20-α-hydroxy derivatives, whereas withanolide H (46) contains a 20α,27-dihydroxy moiety.…”

“…The abundance of phenolic compounds and others in WS did not go unnoticed. , Many compounds from the same class have been reported to date, and some are listed below. Campesterol (119), cycloartenol (120), and stigmasterol (122) have all been reported from WS plant parts. ,, Similarly, the plant contains fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (129) and oleic acid (131). Fruits contain coumarins such as aesculetin (135) and scopoletin (136), which serve as a distinguishing feature in the detection of adulteration [Table ].…”

“…48−51 There are multiple reports of δ16−14α-hydroxy withanolides. These consist of phyperunolide A (39) 52 and 15acetyloxy withanolides such as withangulatin A (41). 53 Glotter 57) and withanolide R (36).…”

الدور المحسن المحتمل لمستخلص جذور الاشوجندا على الاجهاد التأکسدى

“…The various chemical constituents present in ashwagandha are anaferine, anahygrine, β-Sitosterol, chlorogenic acid, cysteine, cuscohygrine, iron, pseudotropine, scopoletin, somniferinine, somniferiene, tropanol, withanine, withananine and withanolides A-Y (steroidal lactones) (Dubey and Chinnathambi, 2019). Presence of diverse bioactive constituents and their low toxicity profiles, and novel mechanism of action makes ashwagandha a suitable drug candidate for the treatment of various diseases (Mahrous et al,2019). This medicinal plant provides benefits against many human illnesses such as epilepsy, depression, arthritis, diabetes and palliative effects such as analgesic, rejuvenating, regenerating, and growth-promoting effects.…”