Chemical Constituents of Pine Pollen and Their Possible Relationship to Sarcoidosis*

Cummings, Martin M.; Hudgins, Paul C.

doi:10.1097/00000441-195823630-00005

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…These monocytes absorbed Scharlach R, a stain specific for lipid. In an investigation of the etiology of sarcoidosis, Cummings and Hudgins (1958) isolated the lipids of pine pollen. A saline suspension of this fraction, when inoculated intracutaneously into normal guinea pigs, induced a lesion resembling the granulomatous reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIPID CONTENT OF FOUR STRAINS OF BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS OF DIFFERENT MOUSE VIRULENCE

Salvo

Denton

1963

J Bacteriol

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content of four strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis of different mouse virulence. J. Bacteriol. 85: 927-931. 1963.-Four strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis showing marked differences in virulence for mice were studied to determine whether there was any relationship between lipid content and virulence. Replicate samples of heat-killed yeast and mycelial cells, after rupturing by grinding, were extrcted with a chloroform-methanol mixture (2:1) in a Soxhlet apparatus for 48 hr. Total extractable lipid was computed by evaporating samples of the extracts to dryness and weighing; the phospholipid fraction was determined by a modified photometric technique. The amount of lipid in the yeast phase of each strain was relatively constant and characteristic as determined by extraction of four samples of each. The extractable lipid increased from 6.8% in the avirulent strain Ga-i to 12.3% in the highly virulent strain SL-1, the lipid content correlating directly with increased mouse virulence. There was no similar correlation of phospholipid content with mouse virulence. The mycelial phases of two strains contained more than double the lipid and phospholipid present in the corresponding yeast phases. Data presented suggest that the lipid fraction of the yeast phase of B. dermatitidis, in addition to being related to the granulomatous reaction, is possibly related to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIPID CONTENT OF FOUR STRAINS OF BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS OF DIFFERENT MOUSE VIRULENCE

Salvo

Denton

1963

J Bacteriol

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“…Because sarcoidosis most commonly involves the lungs, and because the two other organs most commonly affected, the eyes and skin, also have direct contact with the external environment, the search for environmental causes has centered on exposures to airborne antigens. Some of the earliest studies of sarcoidosis found associations between case status and rural-related exposures, such as wood-burning stoves, 30,31 tree pollen, 32,33 and soil exposures. [34][35][36] More recently, exposure to wood-burning stoves has been implicated again as conferring increased risk for sarcoidosis, 37 as well as exposures to inorganic particles, [38][39][40] insecticides, 6,37 and moldy environments.…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Rybicki

Iannuzzi

2007

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

134

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Sarcoidosis is by definition a disease of "unknown causes," but recent epidemiologic advances suggest that the long-standing definition of sarcoidosis may soon need to be amended. The recently completed ACCESS (A Case-Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis) study was not able to definitively identify the "cause" of sarcoidosis, but yielded important findings regarding familial and environmental risks that have advanced our understanding of this disease. The HLA-DRB1 associations reported in ACCESS along with the results of two recently completed genome scans of sarcoidosis in German Caucasians and African-Americans, respectively, have further defined the genetics of sarcoidosis. These studies suggest genetic heterogeneity of sarcoidosis risk between Caucasians and African-Americans and multiple susceptibility genes that interact together and with environmental factors in the disease pathogenesis. Genes that influence sarcoidosis clinical phenotypes may also be largely separate from sarcoidosis susceptibility genes. Although genetic studies of sarcoidosis in African-American populations are confounded by Caucasian admixture, this same admixture may be useful in identifying sarcoidosis genes linked with African ancestry. Case-only methods may be useful in identifying recent acute exposures linked to disease, genetic variants of risk, and gene-environment interactions. In summary, the epidemiology of sarcoidosis has a promising future that should eventually provide the answers to the etiologic origins of this complex disease.

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“…Non‐infective agents have been suggested as aetiological agents: pine pollen because of an association with the pine forests in the south‐eastern states of the USA, but this was not confirmed after further epidemiological studies [48, 49], clay soil [50], talc [51], beryllium [52], and zirconium [53]. None of these theories has endured.…”

Section: Putative Causes Of Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%