Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of Stachys fruticulosa M. Bieb. From Iran

Abstract

In the flora of Iran, genus Stachys is represented by 34 species while its number is about 300 species in the world. Stachys fruticulosa, with the local name of Sonbole gachdust, is grown in many parts of Iran, Iraq, and Anatolia, and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent in traditional medicine (1). Salvia lavandulifolia is known as mountain tea (Chaye-kuhi in Iran) and its English name is Betony. In addition, it is used as the herbal tea in gastrointestinal disorders (2). The hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of S. palaestina collected in Lebanon yielded 0.1% (w/w) of EO. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS) analyses enabled the identification of 87 compounds representing 90.8% of the total oil. Hexadecanoic acid (10%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6.9%), eugenol (4.3%), and (E)-caryophyllene (4.3%) were the main components (3). According to another report (4), the water distilled EO of the aerial part of S. pubescence was rich in fatty acids like hexadecanoic and linoleic acids in addition to benzaldehyde and spathulenol whereas the steam distilled oil of the plant contained hexadecanoic acid, spathulenol, and eugenol. Both oils were rich in fatty acids (36.6% and 27.9%, respectively). The chemical composition of the EOs from the aerial parts of two endemic Turkish species (i.e., Stachys amanica and S. petrokosmos) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The major components of the EO of S. amanica in Dadagli were found to be α-pinene, α-bisabolol, (E)β-caryophyllene, and germacrene D. However, the EO from S. amanica in Basyurt contained α-pinene, β-pinene, and (E)-β-caryophyllene. On the other hand, the major components of the EO from S. petrokosmos in Dadagli were reported as α-pinene, α-bisabolol, α-zingiberene, (E)-β-caryophyllene, and γ-curcumene. Moreover, the EO from S. petrokosmos in Belen included α-pinene, γ-curcumene, α-bisabolol, 16-kaurene, and α-zingiberene (5). In another study (6), characterization by the GCflame ionization detector and GC/MS analyses of the S. officinalis EO obtained by the hydrodistillation of the aerial parts allowed the identification of 190 components that represented 97.9% of the total oil content. The main identified constituents were germacrene D (19.9%), β-caryophyllene (14.1%), and α-humulene (7.5%). A

Investigation on Chemical Constituents of Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil and the Molecular Docking Studies of its Components for Possible Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Inhibition

“…The authentication of the plant material was performed on the herbarium of the School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. FF was washed and dried, and then the powdered FF was subjected to a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 hours, and the oil was obtained by the hydrodistillation method (18). The oil was dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate and kept in a refrigerator until use.…”

“…The three-dimensional (3-D) structure of MMP-13 was attained from the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (https://www.rcsb.org, PDB ID: 5b5o) at 1.2 Å x-ray resolution (18). Chain A in the 5b5o file was selected for molecular docking analysis.…”

Development of a Unified Enantioselective, Convergent Synthetic Approach Toward the Furanobutenolide-Derived Polycyclic Norcembranoid Diterpenes: Asymmetric Formation of the Polycyclic Norditerpenoid Carbocyclic Core by Tandem Annulation Cascade

“…Natural products derived from flora and fauna throughout the world have been successfully applied to the treatment of human ailments for centuries . Modern synthetic chemistry has enabled the isolation, identification, and manufacturing of many of the most promising biologically active natural products for therapeutic application against a breadth of diseases including cancer, ,, malaria, , bacterial infection, ,, and neurological diseases. ,, Despite these successes, the need for more effective therapeutics for a variety of intractable ailments remains constant. , Toward this end, the furanobutenolide-derived norcembranoid diterpenes remain a largely unexplored class of biologically active natural products . Included within this natural product family is the compact and highly oxygenated antileukemic ineleganolide ( 1 ) as well as the closely related norcembranoid diterpenes horiolide ( 2 ), kavaranolide ( 3 ), sinulochmodin C ( 4 ), scabrolide B ( 5 ), scabrolide A ( 6 ), and yonarolide ( 7 , Figure ).…”

Marine organisms as potential sources of natural products for the prevention and treatment of malaria

“…Even today, in the ght against malaria, both quinine and artemisinin are still of prime importance. 17 In contrast to terrestrial plants, marine organisms do not have a remarkable history of use in traditional medicine. However, recent advances in marine biology and engineering have helped investigation and scientic exploration of the marine environment to identify and isolate novel compounds, which have proven their potential bioactivities against lifethreatening diseases, including tumor and viral infections.…”