Chemical contaminants in aquafeeds and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following the use of traditional- versus alternative feed ingredients

Berntssen, Marc H.G.; Julshamn, Kåre; Lundebye, Anne‐Katrine

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.021

Cited by 142 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The value of As ranged from 0.76 ± 0.22 mg•kg -1 to 1.62 ± 0.19 mg•kg -1 . Similar interesting findings were previously published by Berntssen et al (2010). The AsB concentration in muscle samples ranged from 0.71 ± 0.06 mg•kg -1 to 1.15 ± 0.09 mg•kg -1 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Accumulation of arsenic during the growing period of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2011

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Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was monitored for the duration of one year, from 2 to 14 months of age (n = 120). The study was performed on a farm with through-running water from the basin of water processing plant in the years 2007 and 2008. During the first months of fish life, we analyzed homogenized samples (n = 12) of rainbow trout bodies. From the 8 th month the samples of twelve rainbow trouts were analysed. The total contents of arsenic and arsenobetaine were quantified in muscle, liver, spleen and bile separately. The total arsenic was determined by hydride technique AAS and arsenobetaine by high performance liquid chromatography combined with detection using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The concentration of arsenic in homogenized body samples grew (P < 0.01) during the first months of life, from the 6 th month of rearing no significant difference was found. The concentration of arsenobetaine in homogenized bodies was low during the first months and from the 6 th month the concentration stayed on invariable level and amounted to 46 ± 6% of total arsenic. The highest concentrations of arsenic and arsenobetaine in tissues ranked in the order muscle, liver, spleen and bile. In summer months the total arsenic in muscle was bonded in the form of arsenobetaine, in winter months the content of arsenobetaine dropped to 50% of total arsenic. The content of arsenic in liver samples remained the same during the entire monitoring, however, the ratio of arsenobetaine content altered. In summer months it reached the maximum 27%, in winter months it dropped to 7% of arsenic. The concentration of arsenic in spleen and bile decreased in winter months, arsenobetaine corresponded to the value assessed in liver. This study proved the effect of the small content of arsenic in feedstuff on accumulation of total arsenic and arsenobetaine in the tissue of rainbow trout during the growing period and season. Arsenobetaine, tissue, atomic absorption spectrometry, hydride generation, atomic fluorescence spectrometryArsenic compounds enter the environment naturally by volcanic eruptions, forest fires and weather impacts such as erosion. The most serious anthropogenic sources of arsenic (including industrial emissions) are the ore mining and processing industry, thermal power plants, agriculture (application of insecticides, herbicides, algicides) and the wood-working industry (chemical preservation of wood) (Tamaki and Frankenberger 1992). Arsenic exists in a wide variety of chemical forms and oxidation states, which influences its bioavailability and toxicity. In recent years a number of publications have appeared dealing with the arsenic content in marine organisms (Agusa et al. 2008;Grotti et al. 2010;Francesconi 2010) and freshwater organisms (Čelechovská et al. 2005;Ciardullo et al. 2010). More than 50 arsenic compounds were detected in marine organisms. Arsenobetaine (AsB), which is stable, metabolically inactive and non-toxic, predominates over all the arsenic species in edible parts of fish (Sloth et al. 2...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Accumulation of arsenic during the growing period of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2011

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“…On the other hand some shortcomings of vegetable fees deserve attention. The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) significant increased compared to conventional feed [176]. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are moderately persistent and their relevance in foods is mostly due to their role as cooking by-products [177]; PAHs are human carcinogens, and therefore this finding cannot be underestimated.…”

Section: The Perspective Of Novel Vegetable Derived Aquaculture Feedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability, Security and Safety in the Feed-to-Fish Chain: Focus on Toxic Contamination

Mantovani¹

2015

IJNFS

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Abstract:The paper discusses the issue of feed ingredients in aquaculture as a telling example of implementation of a sustainable food safety strategy, aimed at protecting the health of next generation, under the One Health paradigm. Finfish and fishery products are a main nutrition security component as a valuable source of animal protein, particularly in developing countries. In addition, they are a critical source of essential oligo-nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and iodine. Production and consumption of fish has greatly increased in the last decade, mostly due to the growth of aquaculture. While the demand for aquaculture products continues to increase, there is the need to address consumers' concerns related to the nutritional quality and safety. In fact, both wild and farmed finfish can represent a significant source of exposure to contaminants for the consumer: noticeably, caught and farmed fish have a comparable content of nutrients and contaminants. Aquaculture feeds made of fish meal and fish oil are the main vehicle for transfer of environmental pollutants to farmed fish. The main fish contaminants (e.g., methylmercury, PCBs, PBDE) can bioaccumulate and affect development in humans. Feed ingredients as well fish species have a different liability to contamination depending, e.g., on the lipophilicity of the specific chemicals. Up-to-date risk-benefit assessments show that high intake of fish may lead to an undesirable intake of pollutants which is not sufficiently balanced by the concurrent intake of protective nutrients, such as PUFA. The use of vegetable-based feed ingredients in aquaculture has been explored from the standpoints of economic sustainability and fish productivity to a greater extent than from those of food safety and nutritional value. Available data show that vegetable oils can significantly modulate the lipid profile in fish flesh, depending on the oil and fish species. The use of vegetable ingredients can drastically reduce the accumulation of the main contaminants in fish; likewise the presence of other "unconventional" contaminants (e.g. PAHs) and the nutritional value of fish flesh could deserve more attention in the assessment of novel aquaculture feeds.

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“…No upper limits for PAH in feed ingredients or animal feeds currently exist. The PAH levels of raw ingredients for feeds for farmed terrestrial animals such as cow, chicken, and pig have been reported in only few studies [11] and little is known on PAH levels in feeds for farmed fin fish species [17,18], especially for feed ingredients used in novel plant based fish feed [13,14,19].…”

Section: The European Union Has Set An Upper Limit For 4 Pahs (B[a]p mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For plant oil ingredients, concentrations ranged from <5 ng·g -1 for acenaphthylene to 186.9 ng·g -1 for phenanthrene. In the present study only two fish oils were analysed, and clearly a large variation exist in the environmental background levels of PAHs in fish oils [13,14]. Figure S3 shows the identification of 5-MC in one fish meal.…”

Section: Analysis Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unrefined plant oils obtained from oilseeds such as soybeans, rapeseeds, olive seeds, and sunflower seeds are known to contain elevated levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Although fish oil also contains PAHs from environmental pollution [12], the use of plant oils causes increased PAH levels in plant-based salmon feeds compared to marine-based feeds [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-class determination of undesirables in aquaculture samples by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization: A novel approach for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Portolés

Garlito

Nácher‐Mestre

et al. 2017

Talanta

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In this work, a method for the analysis of 24 PAHs in 19 different matrices, including fish tissues, feeds and feed ingredients, has been developed using gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source (GC-APCI-MS/MS). The method is based on a modification of the unbuffered QuEChERS method, using freezing as an additional clean-up step and applying a 20-fold dilution factor to the final extract. The procedure was also tested for 15 pesticides and 7 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in order to widen the scope of the method.The excellent sensitivity and selectivity provided by GC-APCI-MS/MS allowed the dilution of the sample extracts and quantification using calibration with standards in solvent for all the 19 matrices tested. The developed method was evaluated at 2, 5 and 50 ng·g -1 spiking levels. LOQs were 2 ng·g -1 for most compounds, and LODs ranged from 0.5 to 2 ng·g -1 .Analysis of real-world samples revealed the presence of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene at concentration levels ranging from 4.8 to 187 ng·g -1 . No PCBs, DDTs and pesticides were found in fillets from salmon and sea bream.

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Chemical contaminants in aquafeeds and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following the use of traditional- versus alternative feed ingredients

Cited by 142 publications

References 52 publications

Accumulation of arsenic during the growing period of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Accumulation of arsenic during the growing period of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Sustainability, Security and Safety in the Feed-to-Fish Chain: Focus on Toxic Contamination

Multi-class determination of undesirables in aquaculture samples by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization: A novel approach for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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