Chemical Control in Citrus of Green and Blue Molds Resistant to Benzimidazoles

Gutter, Y.; Shachnai, A.; Schiffmann‐Nadel, Mina; Dinoor, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1981.tb03372.x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The main fungicide used to control this and other fungal diseases is imazalil (IMZ) (Gutter et al, 1981;Kaplan and Dave, 1979). IMZ is available in two different formulations: IMZ sulphate (IS), water soluble granules or powders recommended for aqueous application, and IMZ emulsifiable concentrate (IEC), an oily emulsion often used for wax applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in imazalil treatments in commercial packinglines to control green mold on lemon fruit

Sepúlveda

Cuevas

Smilanick

et al. 2015

Scientia Horticulturae

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in imazalil treatments in commercial packinglines to control green mold on lemon fruit

Sepúlveda

Cuevas

Smilanick

et al. 2015

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…IMZ, one of the imidazole fungicides, showed good curative function against the green mold as a synthetic fungicide (Bus et al, 1991; Dore et al, 2013). It was reported that IMZ with a concertation of about 0.5 ppm could completely inhibit the sporulation of strains resistant to benzimidazoles (Gutter et al, 1981). PHZ, another imidazole derivative with similar fungitoxic activity, is used as a postharvest fungicide in citrus (He et al, 2020; Lafuente and Tadeo, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution and migration of three typical fungicides in postharvest satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit

Yang

Mao

Zhu

et al. 2022

Food sci. technol. int.

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Fungicides are often used to extend the storage time of postharvest satsuma mandarin fruit. In recent years, fungicide residue has become an issue of food safety. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and migration of three typical fungicides (imazalil, prochloraz, thiophanate-methyl) in postharvest satsuma mandarins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Three fungicides could quickly penetrate satsuma mandarins and their gradient concentrations of residues in the fruit were: carpopodium > mesocarp > epicarp > pulp. However, the residues of three fungicides in the edible pulp were obviously lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL = 5.0 mg kg−1 in China). Residues of the three fungicides decreased in epicarp and carpopodium but increased in mesocarp and pulp during storage. Fungicides could quickly penetrate the fruit, settling primarily in the carpopodium but little in the pulp. Both epicarp and carpopodium were the breakthrough pathways for the fungicides entering the fruit, while epicarp was the main route for the penetration of fungicides. These findings shed new information on the behavior of fungicides and the safety issue of satsuma mandarins.

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“…Fungal diseases are mainly controlled by applying chemical fungicides, such as aminobenzimidazoles, phthalimide and streptomycin (Gutter et al ). However, pathogens have developed resistance to several of these chemicals (Bardas et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant diseases caused by fungi and bacteria result in major agricultural losses (Cornelissen and Melchers 1993). Rape sclerotinia rot disease and Phytophthora blight of pepper, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora capsici, Fungal diseases are mainly controlled by applying chemical fungicides, such as aminobenzimidazoles, phthalimide and streptomycin (Gutter et al 1981). However, pathogens have developed resistance to several of these chemicals (Bardas et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of antimicrobial metabolites produced by a potential biocontrol Actinomycete strain A217

Hao

Zhou

et al. 2020

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims To extract and identify the metabolites of strain A217 as well as its antifungal spectrum and control effect on various plant pathogens. Methods and Results Strain A217 was identified as a Streptomyces sp. which was most similar to Streptomyces lienomycini. An antimicrobial spectrum test indicated that strain A217 inhibited several plant pathogenic fungi and strong antibacterial effect such as Phytophthora capsici, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris. An in vivo tissue test demonstrated that the fermentation broth of strain A217 exerted therapeutic and protective effects of 49·47 and 61·60% respectively, on S. sclerotiorum. Additionally, the fermentation broth of A217 exerted control effects on walnut black spot disease in walnut leaves and branches amounting to 79·33 and 81·52% respectively. In a pot experiment, the fermentation broth exhibited a stronger protective and control effect (68·29%), as well as better bacteriostatic and disease control effects on Phytophthora blight of pepper, compared with Metalaxyl. Compounds possessing antifungal and antibacterial activities were obtained from the fermentation broth of strain A217, using column chromatography and HPLC. Chemical and structural analyses conducted using MS and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that these compounds were 1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid and 1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxamide. The EC50 values of compound 1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid1 for S. sclerotiorum and P. capsici were 20·13 and 50·36 μg ml−1 respectively. Compound 1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxamide2 showed significant antibacterial activity against different plant pathogenic bacteria. The MIC values of P. syringae, X. campestris and X. campestris pv. jugiandis were 7·5, 30 and 15·0 μg ml−1 respectively. Conclusions Actinomyces A217 fermentation products have a broad spectrum of bacteriostasis, and have good bacteriostasis activity to many plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study The present study revealed a new antimicrobial producing strain of Streptomyces and its potential application as a biological control agent for plant diseases.

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Chemical Control in Citrus of Green and Blue Molds Resistant to Benzimidazoles

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Improvement in imazalil treatments in commercial packinglines to control green mold on lemon fruit

Improvement in imazalil treatments in commercial packinglines to control green mold on lemon fruit

The spatial distribution and migration of three typical fungicides in postharvest satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit

Identification of antimicrobial metabolites produced by a potential biocontrol Actinomycete strain A217

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