Chemical Control of Peanut Diseases: Targeting Leaves, Stems, Roots, and Pods with Foliar-Applied Fungicides

Woodward, Jason E.; Kemerait, Robert C.

doi:10.5772/51064

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Therefore, many chemical fungicides are widely used on peanut to avoid severe damages throughout the growing season. About the fungicides used in late leaf spot management, Woodward et al (2013) concluded that tebuconazole in triazole group is one of the most efficacious fungicide in reducing late leaf spot symptoms and also the yield losses. However, excessive use of chemicals has led to environmental contamination, created pesticide residues and acts on non-targets especially on soil microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic activities and microbial biomass in peanut field soil as affected by the foliar application of tebuconazole

Saha

Pipariya

2016

Environ Earth Sci

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Field experiments in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) soil ecosystem were conducted during the summer seasons (February-June) of the year 2013 and 2014 in black clay soil treated with tebuconazole at field rate (FR), 2-times FR (2FR) and 10-times FR (10FR) as foliar spray to determine the impact of tebuconazole on soil microbial properties and enzymatic activities. Tebuconazole application at FR and 2FR resulted in a short-lived and transitory toxic effect on soil microbial properties and enzymatic activities. The duration of this disturbance was slightly longer at 10FR. Incorporation of tebuconazole in soil resulted in stimulating the soil microbial activity as evidenced by increased ammonification and nitrification rates and increased soil microbial biomass at later stage. However, it was more toxic to soil ergosterol which is the indicator of the presence of viable fungi. Soil enzymatic activities like fluorescein diacetate-hydrolyzing activity, urease, phosphatase and aryl sulfatase are either unaffected or shortly inhibited and then recovered. However, dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase activity decreased more drastically and can be used as valuable indicator to assess the impact of tebuconazole application on soil health. The results indicated that instead of single assays, a broad spectrum analysis of soil microbial and enzymatic activities gives a better insight about the impacts of pesticide on soil health. From this study, it is also concluded that the application of tebuconazole at 10FR had adverse effects on the microbial variables and the effect on long-term application should be studied further.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic activities and microbial biomass in peanut field soil as affected by the foliar application of tebuconazole

Saha

Pipariya

2016

Environ Earth Sci

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“…It can also attack pods in the soil leading to losses estimated at 10-40% according to the production area ( Thiessen and Woodward, 2012 ; Iquebal et al., 2017 ; Bosamia et al., 2020 ). This disease is very difficult to eradicate notably because the fungal pathogen forms sclerotia which can remain in the soil for a considerable time and because this fungus has a wide variety of host plant species ( Woodward et al., 2013 ; Iquebal et al., 2017 ; Bosamia et al., 2020 ). Chemical fungicides are mostly used to control this soil-borne pathogen but with limited beneficial effects due to serious problems for humans and environment ( Bosamia et al., 2020 ; Shah, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus lipopeptide-mediated biocontrol of peanut stem rot caused by Athelia rolfsii

et al. 2023

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IntroductionPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a widespread oilseed crop of high agricultural importance in tropical and subtropical areas. It plays a major role in the food supply in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, one major constraint in the production of this plant is the stem rot (white mold or southern blight) disease caused by Athelia rolfsii which is so far controlled mainly using chemicals. Considering the harmful effect of chemical pesticides, the implementation of eco-friendly alternatives such as biological control is required for disease management in a more sustainable agriculture in the DRC as in the other developing countries concerned. Bacillus velezensis is among the rhizobacteria best described for its plant protective effect notably due to the production of a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this work, we wanted to evaluate the potential of B. velezensis strain GA1 at reducing A. rolfsii infection and to unravel the molecular basis of the protective effect.Results and discussionUpon growth under the nutritional conditions dictated by peanut root exudation, the bacterium efficiently produces the three types of lipopeptides surfactin, iturin and fengycin known for their antagonistic activities against a wide range of fungal phytopathogens. By testing a range of GA1 mutants specifically repressed in the production of those metabolites, we point out an important role for iturin and another unidentified compound in the antagonistic activity against the pathogen. Biocontrol experiments performed in greenhouse further revealed the efficacy of B. velezensis to reduce peanut disease caused by A. rolfsii both via direct antagonism against the fungus and by stimulating systemic resistance in the host plant. As treatment with pure surfactin yielded a similar level of protection, we postulate that this lipopeptide acts as main elicitor of peanut resistance against A. rolfsii infection.

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“…3 Chlorothalonil, a broad-spectrum, protectant fungicide, has excellent activity against C. arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum, 1 but is not effective against soil-borne fungal pathogens of peanut, such as Sclerotium rolfsii, the cause of stem rot, and Rhizoctonia solani, the cause of limb rot. 4,5 Therefore, most fungicide programs for peanut production include chlorothalonil and one or more systemic single-site mode of action fungicides, such as a triazole (sterol biosynthesis inhibitor), strobilurin (quinone outside inhibitor) or carboximide (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor) that have activity against leaf spot and soil-borne pathogens. 5 Compared with a program of chlorothalonil alone, leaf spot control is often superior with the inclusion of a systemic fungicide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Therefore, most fungicide programs for peanut production include chlorothalonil and one or more systemic single-site mode of action fungicides, such as a triazole (sterol biosynthesis inhibitor), strobilurin (quinone outside inhibitor) or carboximide (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor) that have activity against leaf spot and soil-borne pathogens. 5 Compared with a program of chlorothalonil alone, leaf spot control is often superior with the inclusion of a systemic fungicide. 6 -9 Unlike protectant fungicides, which remain on the leaf surface, systemic fungicides are absorbed and translocated through plant tissue, which provides opportunities to affect fungal establishment after infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐infection activities of fungicides againstCercospora arachidicolaof peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Johnson

Cantonwine

2013

Pest Management Science

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Chemical Control of Peanut Diseases: Targeting Leaves, Stems, Roots, and Pods with Foliar-Applied Fungicides

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Enzymatic activities and microbial biomass in peanut field soil as affected by the foliar application of tebuconazole

Enzymatic activities and microbial biomass in peanut field soil as affected by the foliar application of tebuconazole

Bacillus lipopeptide-mediated biocontrol of peanut stem rot caused by Athelia rolfsii

Post‐infection activities of fungicides againstCercospora arachidicolaof peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

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