Chemical control of suckers in hazelnut orchards of western Oregon

Souza, Larissa Larocca de; Moretti, Marcelo L.

doi:10.1017/wet.2020.78

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1-3). Because of their vigorous growth, sucker control requires multiple herbicide applications during the growing season (Souza and Moretti, 2020). Repeated herbicide applications for sucker control increases the risk of herbicide drift and crop injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Oregon, chemical control is the most common means of control for hazelnut suckers. Four to eight applications per growing season are required (Olsen and Peachey, 2013;Souza and Moretti, 2020). The herbicides currently labeled for hazelnut sucker control are carfentrazone, glufosinate, paraquat, 2,4-D, pelargonic acid, saflufenacil, and pyraflufen (Moretti, 2021;Reich and Lagerstedt, 1971;Souza and Moretti, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four to eight applications per growing season are required (Olsen and Peachey, 2013;Souza and Moretti, 2020). The herbicides currently labeled for hazelnut sucker control are carfentrazone, glufosinate, paraquat, 2,4-D, pelargonic acid, saflufenacil, and pyraflufen (Moretti, 2021;Reich and Lagerstedt, 1971;Souza and Moretti, 2020). In addition, 2,4-D is an effective sucker control option if applied four times in a season (Souza and Moretti, 2020), and is the only systemic herbicide labeled for sucker control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The herbicides currently labeled for hazelnut sucker control are carfentrazone, glufosinate, paraquat, 2,4-D, pelargonic acid, saflufenacil, and pyraflufen (Moretti, 2021;Reich and Lagerstedt, 1971;Souza and Moretti, 2020). In addition, 2,4-D is an effective sucker control option if applied four times in a season (Souza and Moretti, 2020), and is the only systemic herbicide labeled for sucker control. Although effective in controlling suckers, 2,4-D can injure the crop if spray drift or volatilization occurs, the risk of volatilization is greater at higher air temperatures and lower relative humidity during the summer months.…”

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confidence: 99%

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1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) Reduces Sucker Growth in European Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

Hill

King

Zollinger³

et al. 2021

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Three 2-year field studies were conducted to evaluate 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) as a suppressant of suckers in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Treatments were basal-directed applications of NAA at 5, 10, and 20 g·L−1 a.i. applied once per season, and two sequential applications of NAA 10 g·L−1 a.i., 28 days apart, compared with 2,4-D (3.8 g·L−1 acid equivalent), and a nontreated control. Treatments were applied early in spring and repeated the following year. Both NAA and 2,4-D delayed sucker growth by 1.2- to 3.0-fold compared with the nontreated control, and response varied with experimental site and year. Sequential treatments of NAA significantly reduced sucker height and fresh weight 120 days after treatment. NAA applied in sequential treatments increased tree trunk cross-sectional area and canopy volume in two of the three experimental sites. Yield of hazelnuts increased when suckers were removed with NAA or 2,4-D compared with nontreated. Results indicate that NAA is an effective option to control suckers in hazelnuts and can help reduce herbicide and labor in sucker control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) Reduces Sucker Growth in European Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

Hill

King

Zollinger³

et al. 2021

horts

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“…The application of herbicides is the most common practice for the control of suckers in Oregon hazelnut production (de Souza and Moretti, 2020). Hazelnut naturally grows as a multistem bush but is trained as a single trunk by pruning suckers to benefit mechanization of harvest and increase yield (Mehlenbacher and Smith, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Carrier Volume and Nozzle Effect on 2,4-D and Glufosinate Performances in Hazelnut Sucker Control

Souza¹,

Moretti²

2020

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Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) basal sprouts, or suckers, are removed to train trees as a single trunk, facilitating mechanization. Suckers are routinely controlled with herbicides, often by using nozzles that generate fine droplets and spray volumes as high as 934 L·ha−1, making spray drift a concern. Spray nozzle type and carrier volume can impact herbicide efficacy and drift. Field studies compared the efficacy of 2,4-D and glufosinate in controlling suckers when applied with a flat-fan nozzle, producing fine droplets, to a TeeJet air-induction nozzle, producing ultra-coarse droplets. These nozzles were evaluated at 187 and 374 L·ha−1. Nozzle and carrier volume did not affect the efficacy of 2,4-D based on control, sucker height, or dry weight. The efficacy of glufosinate was unaffected by nozzle type or spray volume in most evaluations. These results indicate that hazelnut suckers can be effectively controlled using drift-reduction nozzles with lower carrier volumes (187 L·ha−1). Drift-reduction nozzles, coupled with lower spray volume, can maintain herbicide efficacy, minimize drift risk, and reduce cost.

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Hazelnut abscission is delayed by simulated drift of 2,4-D

Moretti

Souza

2023

Weed Sci

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2,4-D is commonly used for sucker control in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). However, the use of 2,4-D for sucker control has been implicated in delaying natural abscission in hazelnut. Hazelnuts naturally abscise and are collected from the orchard floor. Delays in abscission may reduce nut quality due to the onset of the rainy season, increasing mold and mud in the nuts. The effect of basal-directed applications of 2,4-D on hazelnut abscission, yield, and quality was assessed. In the first study, four basal-directed applications of 2,4-D (1.06 kg ae ha-1) did not affect hazelnut abscission, yield, or quality compared to glufosinate (1.1 kg ha-1) or manual pruning. In a second 3 yr study, a single yearly simulated drift of 2,4-D to the tree canopy at 0.06 and 0.6 mg L-1 increased the growing degree d (GDD) requirement from 50 to 141 to reach 50% hazelnut abscission, compared to nontreated. This is the equivalent of 5 to 15 calendar d. No effect was observed in the third yr of the study when the simulated drift was not performed. No differences in abscission were observed with basal-directed applications of 2,4-D at rates up to 4.4 kg ha-1 when applied four times each season during all 3 yrs of the study. Simulated drift reduced hazelnut yield by up to 37% and reduced the percentage of marketable nuts during one yr of the study. No effect on average kernel weight was observed. However, 2,4-D drift did delay hazelnut abscission, highlighting the importance of drift control measures.

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Chemical control of suckers in hazelnut orchards of western Oregon

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) Reduces Sucker Growth in European Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) Reduces Sucker Growth in European Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

Carrier Volume and Nozzle Effect on 2,4-D and Glufosinate Performances in Hazelnut Sucker Control

Hazelnut abscission is delayed by simulated drift of 2,4-D

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