Chemical conversion pathways for carbohydrates

Chatterjee, Chitra; Pong, Frances Ying; Sen, Ayusman

doi:10.1039/c4gc01062k

Cited by 312 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 379 publications

(392 reference statements)

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“…use [1][2][3]. In the past century, petroleum, coal, and natural gas supplied the world with tremendous amounts of energy and materials to achieve the current prosperity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism and Kinetic Analysis of the Hydrogenolysis of Cellulose to Polyols

Wang

Pang

et al. 2016

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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The catalytic hydrogenolysis of cellulose to polyols represents an attractive process for biomass conversion to value-added products with a high atom economy. In the past decade, extensive studies have been conducted and promptly accumulated a rich knowledge in this field. In this chapter, we focus on the review of reaction mechanisms and kinetics after a brief description of the catalyst development for this process. In view of the different polyol products, the present review is mainly composed of two parts: cellulose conversion to sugar alcohols and cellulose hydrogenolysis to ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. The reaction mechanisms are discussed and summarized to obtain general rules in terms of the specific performance of various catalysts. The reaction kinetics of cellulose hydrogenolysis are analyzed on the basis of the kinetics of the individual reaction steps and their correlations in the whole route covering in detail the reactions of cellulose hydrolysis, sugar hydrogenation, retro-aldol condensation, and sugar condensations. Finally, the prospective for the reaction mechanism and kinetics study of cellulose hydrogenolysis is presented.

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“…use [1][2][3]. In the past century, petroleum, coal, and natural gas supplied the world with tremendous amounts of energy and materials to achieve the current prosperity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this situation is facing increasing challenges due to the depletion of fossil energy resources and pressing environmental issues. To meet the long-term demand of sustainable development, it is necessary to explore cellulose transformation into a large variety of platform chemicals and fuels by chemical and biological techniques [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and Kinetic Analysis of the Hydrogenolysis of Cellulose to Polyols

Wang

Pang

et al. 2016

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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“…Carbohydrates derived from biomass are one of the most abundant renewable resources and possess a great potential as raw materials to product fuels and bulk chemicals [1,2]. Among those bio-based products, levulinic acid has been listed as one of the 12 most important building blocks, which can be used for the production of various high-value organic chemicals, such as resin, polymers, pharmaceutical compounds, and flavor substances [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into Ethyl Levulinate with Potassium Phosphotungstate as an Efficient Catalyst

Zhao

Chang

et al. 2015

Catalysts

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A series of metal-modified phosphotungstates were prepared and performed for direct synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose in ethanol. Considering the cost of catalysts, catalytic activity of catalysts, and easy separation of catalysts together, K-HPW-1 was chosen as the most suitable catalyst for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose. A high ethyl levulinate yield of 64.6 mol% was obtained at 150 °C within 2 h in ethanol. The introduction of low polar toluene as a co-solvent improved the yield of ethyl levulinate to 68.7 mol%. The recovered catalyst remained high activity with the yield of ethyl levulinate converted from fructose above 50 mol% after being used five times. Moreover, the generality of the catalyst was further demonstrated by glucose, sucrose, inulin, and cellulose with ethyl levulinate yielding 14.5, 35.4, 52.3, and 14.8 mol%, respectively.

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“…Due to the presence of a large number of hydroxyl ( OH) groups, there are numerous intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose (Scheme 3) [80][81][82][83][84], leading to a intricate supramolecular structure and a strong mechanical strength. As a consequence, cellulose is insoluble in water and most common organic liquids [85][86][87][88][89], which result in a trouble in the dissolution of cellulose and the subsequent hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose.…”

Section: Reaction Medias For the Hydrolysis Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%