Chemical Defense in Carabids and Its Bearing on Phylogeny

Moore, B. P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-9628-1_9

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…He suggested that none of these beetles was unpalatable to their predators but that fleabeetles could jump as an effective form of escape from predators, an ability that ground beetles do not have. Lindroth's suggestion was that the unprofitability of the escape ability of flea-beetles to predators formed the basis for evasive Batesian mimicry by the ground beetles, although the palatability of the beetles has since been called into question (see Moore 1979;Brower 1995). Hespenheide (1973) proposed that evasive mimicry occurred, in a predominantly Mü llerian form, among a complex involving flies and agile beetles in the American tropics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evasive mimicry: when (if ever) could mimicry based on difficulty of capture evolve?

Ruxton

Speed

Sherratt

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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We elucidate the conditions under which an easy-to-catch edible prey species may evolve to resemble another edible species that is much more difficult to capture ('evasive Batesian mimicry'), and the conditions under which two or more edible but hard-to-catch species evolve a common resemblance ('evasive Mü llerian mimicry'). Using two complementary mathematical models, we argue that both phenomena are logically possible but that several factors will limit the prevalence of these forms of mimicry in nature. Evasive Batesian mimicry is most likely to arise when it is costly in time or energy for the predator species to pursue evasive prey, when mimics are encountered less frequently than evasive models and where there are abundant alternative prey. Evasive Mü llerian mimicry, by contrast, is most likely to arise when evasive prey species differ in abundance, predators are slow to learn to avoid evasive prey and evading capture is costly to the prey. Unequivocal evidence for evasive Batesian or Mü llerian mimicry has not yet been demonstrated in the field, and we argue that more empirical work is needed to test whether putative examples are indeed a result of selection to signal difficulty of capture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evasive mimicry: when (if ever) could mimicry based on difficulty of capture evolve?

Ruxton

Speed

Sherratt

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Within this family there were recorded nonyl acetate (Helluoninae; Eisner et at., 1968;Moore and Wallbank, 1978), decyl acetate (Dryptinae; Moore, 1979), dodecyl acetate (Psydrinae; Moore, 1979), tetradecyl acetate (Psydrinae, Panagaeinae, Moore, 1979), and hexadecyl acetate (Panagaeinae; Moore, 1979). Further esters which have been recently found by milking other rove beetles of the subfamily Aleocharinae are ethyl and methyl decanoate, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl dodecanoate (Gnanasunderam et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Defensive secretions of three oxytelinae rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Dettner

Schwinger

1982

J Chem Ecol

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The secretions of the abdominal glands ofBledius spectabilis Kraatz,Platystethus arenarius Fourcr., andOxytelus piceus L. have been shown to contain four 1-alkenes; toluquinone; toluhydroquinone; C10 (-)-,C11 (-), C12 (-)-, and C14 (-) γ-lactones; C12-δ-lactone; citral; and decyl-, undecyl-, and dodecyl acetates. Quantitative results indicate that 1-alkenes are formed probably from present lactones by decarboxylation. According to the known life histories of the beetles, it is suggested that the gland material is not used as an algal growth regulator but represents a unique defensive blend characteristic for the whole subfamily.

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“…In carabid beetles, defensive chemicals from adult pygidial gland system have been well known so that they seem to be of considerable taxonomic value at the genus and species levels (Attygalle et al, 2007;Dettner, 1987;Moore, 1979;Will et al, 2000). Among the compounds found in the pygidial gland secretion, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, and aldehydes have been regarded as the deterrent against predators.…”

Section: Secretory Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in response to predation pressure they have evolved morphological, behavioral, and chemical mechanisms against predation. Carabid beetles produce a large variety of defensive allomones (Andrew et al, 2000;Moore, 1979). Although exocrine glands (pygidial glands) and their defensive secretion were well investigated in adults, no information is available about larvae and pupae which are the most vulnerable stages of life cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The defensive secretion of Carabus lefebvrei Dejean 1826 pupa (Coleoptera, Carabidae): Gland ultrastructure and chemical identification

Giglio

Brandmayr

Dalpozzo

et al. 2008

Microscopy Res & Technique

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This study documents the defensive function of flavored humor secreted by the abdominal glands of Carabus lefebvrei pupae. The morphology and the ultrastructure of these glands were described and the volatile compounds of glands secretion were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ultrastructure analysis shows an acinose complex formed by about 50 clusters. Each cluster has 20 glandular units and the unit-composed of one secretory and one canal cell lying along a duct-belongs to the class 3 cell type of Quennedey (1998). In the cytoplasm, the secretory cell contains abundant rough endoplasmatic reticula, glycogen granules, numerous mitochondria, and many well-developed Golgi complexes producing electron-dense secretory granules. Mitochondria are large, elongated, and often adjoining electronlucent vesicles. The kind and the origin of secretory granules varying in size and density were discussed. The chemical analysis of the gland secretion revealed the presence of a mixture of low molecular weight terpenes, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and carboxylic acids. Monoterpenes, especially linalool, were the major products. We supposed that ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and carboxylic acids have a deterrent function against the predators and monoterpenes provide a prophylaxis function against pathogens.

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Chemical Defense in Carabids and Its Bearing on Phylogeny

Cited by 57 publications

References 6 publications

Evasive mimicry: when (if ever) could mimicry based on difficulty of capture evolve?

Evasive mimicry: when (if ever) could mimicry based on difficulty of capture evolve?

Defensive secretions of three oxytelinae rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

The defensive secretion of Carabus lefebvrei Dejean 1826 pupa (Coleoptera, Carabidae): Gland ultrastructure and chemical identification

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