Chemical degradation of reinforced epoxy‐cement composites under CO₂‐rich environments

Abstract

Long‐term wellbore integrity is crucial to prevent leakage of CO2 and to ensure performance and safety of carbon geologic storage. One of the concerns is the degradation of Portland cement due to its exposure to CO2. In this study, Portland cement paste composed of three reinforced‐epoxy resins (talc, agalmatolite, and montmorillonite clay as filler) was compared to unmodified cement paste with respect to CO2 resistance. CO2 degradation experiments were conducted with aqueous CO2 at elevated pressure (50 bar) and temperature (70°C) in order to mimic wellbore conditions. Epoxy cement composites were characterized by phenolphthalein test, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical compression test. The preparation method of the composites is the parameter likely to affect the CO2 resistance than curing conditions (natural and thermal). Addition of up to 5% of montmorillonite clay reinforced‐epoxy resins provides an improvement in CO2 resistance over unmodified Portland cement paste, showing to be a promising alternative to obtain suitable materials for use in wellbores in CO2 sequestration reservoirs. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2234–E2244, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Comprehensive Review of Sealant Materials for Leakage Remediation Technology in Geological CO2 Capture and Storage Process

“…It showed that conventional Portland cement had a compressive strength decrease of 21.43%, while calcium-aluminate cement was only 5.16%. In addition, weight control agents, such as fly ash, , slag, , nanoparticles (e.g., microsilicon), ,− resins, , polymers, and many other swelling agents , can be added to adjust the CaO percentage, improve the cement density, and obtain better cement strength. In recent years, there have been many CO 2 -resistant additives developed to protect conventional Portland cement from acidic corrosion. − Vorderbuggen et al and Doan et al developed a cement additive (e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose) that can create an insoluble barrier when it encounters an acid attack. Laboratory tests showed that this additive performed well under specific pressure and temperature in brines saturated with CO 2 for weeks.…”

“…It showed that conventional Portland cement had a compressive strength decrease of 21.43%, while calcium-aluminate cement was only 5.16%. In addition, weight control agents, such as fly ash, , slag, , nanoparticles (e.g., microsilicon), ,− resins, , polymers, and many other swelling agents , can be added to adjust the CaO percentage, improve the cement density, and obtain better cement strength.…”

Basalt powder as a supplementary cementitious material in cement paste for CCS wells: chemical and mechanical resistance of cement formulations for CO2 geological storage sites

“…Thus, Oil & Gas companies are constantly searching for an adequate solution to increase well integrity in CO 2 -rich environments (Tiong et al, 2019). The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) (Abid et al, 2020;Ledesma et al, 2020;Schütz et al, 2019;Sedić et al, 2020), nanomaterials (Abid et al, 2020;Mahmoud and Elkatatny, 2019;Tiong et al, 2019), polymers (Baldissera et al, 2017b(Baldissera et al, , 2017aSchütz et al, 2019) and composites (SCM reinforced polymers) (Schütz et al, 2019(Schütz et al, , 2018 has been highlighted as possible alternative to improve cement chemical resistance. However, it is required further studies to evaluate the performance of these materials in representative conditions of CCS storage sites.…”

Performance of Polymer Cementitious Coatings for High-Voltage Electrical Infrastructure

“…Polymer composite materials are frequently used in situations where an increase in durability, adhesion with substrates or thermal or waterproofing properties is required [1][2][3][4]. Amongst the most used compounds in combination with cement are styrene acrylic copolymer (SAE), styrene butadiene rubber emulsion (SBR), poly(styrene-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (P(St-co-HEMA)), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and vinyl acetate-versatic vinylester (VA/VeoVA) [5]. Wollastonite is the mineral with an acicular shape which can also be regarded as a low-carbon nonhydraulic binder, as carbonation forms a heterogeneous matrix with mechanical properties similar to those of the conventional hydrated cement pastes [6,7].…”

“…The mechanical properties of such materials are typically enhanced by the presence of polymers [14]. For example, blends of SAE and SBR produce a synergistic effect, particularly with regard to the flexural strength, which is 20-40% higher for SAE/SBR blends compared with that of mono-emulsion-modified mortars [5]. SAE emulsion only enhances the flexural strength and tensile bond strength of a ternary binder system [15].…”