Chemical Depolymerization Studies Of The Molecular Architecture Of Lime Fruit Cuticle

Ray, Anup K.; Chen, Zhenjia; Stark, Ruth E.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00999-0

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Because a similar decrease in the relative amount of the tri-hydroxy C18 monomers occurred during cuticle development in ripening tomatoes (Baker et al 1981), elasticity appears to be associated with a higher number of hydroxyl groups. The higher amount of trihydroxy monomers in the cuticle of elastic tissue argues for increased hydration of such cuticle and against the potential for increased cross-linking capability (Kolattukudy 1996;Ray et al 1998), which would reduce¯exibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical analysis of elastic and rigid cuticles of Cirsium horridulum

Marga

Pesacreta

Hasenstein

2001

Planta

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The cuticle is a complex structure of soluble lipids, lipid polymers and polysaccharides. In addition to its functions to reduce water loss and provide a protective barrier, its mechanical properties may be significant to plant growth and development. We investigated the cuticle of Cirsium horridulum Michx. because of its involvement in the thigmonastic contraction of staminal filaments. The staminal filaments and portions of the style are surrounded by a highly elastic cuticle in contrast to the rigid cuticle of the corolla and leaves. Our aim was to determine if the biochemical composition affected the elasticity of the cuticle. We discovered that the ratio of carbohydrates to lipids is 1:7 in floral parts but 2:1 in leaf cuticle. Esterified cutin components represented about 80% of the cuticle and di-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids were the major monomers of cutin, regardless of origin. The cutin of elastic tissues is characterized by a higher content of tri-hydroxy monomers than the cutin of rigid tissues. The data suggest that hydroxyl groups enhance the hydrophilic character of the cuticle and contribute to cuticular elasticity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the composition of the cuticle, it is important to point out that the classical methods of cuticle analysis required at least several milligrams of isolated cuticle (Ray et al 1998;Villena et al 1999). Thus, one of the main challenges was to characterize very small amounts of cuticle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical analysis of elastic and rigid cuticles of Cirsium horridulum

Marga

Pesacreta

Hasenstein

2001

Planta

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“…Some issues have, however, to be considered, namely the representativeness of the oligomers obtained, and the fact that some intra-molecular linkages can be more accessible than others to the partial degradative techniques employed. A number of such studies were applied to lime cutin: oligomers up to tetramers made of C 16 ω -hydroxyacids linearly linked head-to-tail through esterification of their primary hydroxyls were found, after an iodotrimethylsilane hydrolysis that attacks sterically hindered esters of secondary hydroxyls ( Ray et al, 1998 ), and after a degradative treatment made by low-temperature hydrogen fluoride ( Tian et al, 2008 ). Alternatively, a pentamer also including mostly C 16 ω -hydroxyacids, but this time esterified through the secondary hydroxyls, was obtained after an enzyme treatment that specifically cleaved the esters of primary hydroxyls ( Ray and Stark, 1998 ).…”

Section: Building the Cuticle Puzzle: Structure Of Individual Chemicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuticle Structure in Relation to Chemical Composition: Re-assessing the Prevailing Model

et al. 2016

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The surface of most aerial plant organs is covered with a cuticle that provides protection against multiple stress factors including dehydration. Interest on the nature of this external layer dates back to the beginning of the 19th century and since then, several studies facilitated a better understanding of cuticular chemical composition and structure. The prevailing undertanding of the cuticle as a lipidic, hydrophobic layer which is independent from the epidermal cell wall underneath stems from the concept developed by Brongniart and von Mohl during the first half of the 19th century. Such early investigations on plant cuticles attempted to link chemical composition and structure with the existing technologies, and have not been directly challenged for decades. Beginning with a historical overview about the development of cuticular studies, this review is aimed at critically assessing the information available on cuticle chemical composition and structure, considering studies performed with cuticles and isolated cuticular chemical components. The concept of the cuticle as a lipid layer independent from the cell wall is subsequently challenged, based on the existing literature, and on new findings pointing toward the cell wall nature of this layer, also providing examples of different leaf cuticle structures. Finally, the need for a re-assessment of the chemical and structural nature of the plant cuticle is highlighted, considering its cell wall nature and variability among organs, species, developmental stages, and biotic and abiotic factors during plant growth.

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“…Studies involving selective oxidation or mesylation of free hydroxyls in intact cutin, followed by analysis of the depolymerization products, indicate that in several species in which cutin is principally composed of dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, nearly all of the primary hydroxyls and half of the secondary hydroxyls are involved in ester bonds (Deas and Holloway, ; Kolattukudy, ). Additionally, soluble oligomers derived from cutin by partial chemical or enzymatic depolymerization have ester linkages involving both primary and secondary hydroxyls (Ray et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Graca and Lamosa, ). Together, these results suggest that the major topology of dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid‐based cutin polymers consists of a mixture of linear and branched domains, wherein cutin monomers are coupled solely through the primary hydroxyl, or by both the primary and secondary hydroxyls, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato Cutin Deficient 1 (CD1) and putative orthologs comprise an ancient family of cutin synthase‐like (CUS) proteins that are conserved among land plants

et al. 2014

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Summary The aerial epidermis of all land plants is covered with a hydrophobic cuticle that provides essential protection from desiccation, and so its evolution is believed to have been prerequisite for terrestrial colonization. A major structural component of apparently all plant cuticles is cutin, a polyester of hydroxy fatty acids. However, despite its ubiquity, the details of cutin polymeric structure and the mechanisms of its formation and remodeling are not well understood. We recently reported that cutin polymerization in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit occurs via transesterification of hydroxyacylglycerol precursors, catalyzed by the GDSL-motif lipase/hydrolase family protein (GDSL) Cutin Deficient 1 (CD1). Here we present additional biochemical characterization of CD1 and putative orthologs from Arabidopsis thaliana and the moss Physcomitrella patens, which represent a distinct clade of cutin synthases within the large GDSL super-family. We demonstrate that members of this ancient and conserved family of cutin synthase-like (CUS) proteins act as polyester synthases with negligible hydrolytic activity. Moreover, solution-state NMR analysis indicates that CD1 catalyzes the formation of primarily linear cutin oligomeric products in vitro. These results reveal a conserved mechanism of cutin polyester synthesis in land plants, and suggest that elaborations of the linear polymer, such as branching or cross-linking, may require additional, as yet unknown, factors.

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Chemical Depolymerization Studies Of The Molecular Architecture Of Lime Fruit Cuticle

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Biochemical analysis of elastic and rigid cuticles of Cirsium horridulum

Biochemical analysis of elastic and rigid cuticles of Cirsium horridulum

Cuticle Structure in Relation to Chemical Composition: Re-assessing the Prevailing Model

Tomato Cutin Deficient 1 (CD1) and putative orthologs comprise an ancient family of cutin synthase‐like (CUS) proteins that are conserved among land plants

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