Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Marine Sponges of the Genus Suberea: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Marine natural products (MNPs) continue to be in the spotlight in the global drug discovery endeavor. Currently, more than 30,000 structurally diverse secondary metabolites from marine sources have been isolated, making MNPs a profound, renewable source to investigate novel drug compounds. Marine sponges of the genus Suberea (family: Aplysinellidae) are recognized as producers of bromotyrosine derivatives, which are considered distinct chemotaxonomic markers for the marine sponges belonging to the order Verongida. This class of compounds exhibits structural diversity, ranging from simple monomeric molecules to more complex molecular scaffolds, displaying a myriad of biological and pharmacological potentialities. In this review, a comprehensive literature survey covering the period of 1998–2018, focusing on the chemistry and biological/pharmacological activities of marine natural products from marine sponges of the genus Suberea, with special attention to the biogenesis of the different skeletons of halogenated compounds, is presented.

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

“…They significantly contribute as unique, renewable, and rich suppliers of new and valuable drug candidates [ 110 ]. Sponges produce different classes of compounds that display anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, anti-spasmodic, cytotoxic, and other bioactivities [ 23 , 111 , 112 , 113 ].…”

Sustainable Low-Volume Analysis of Environmental Samples by Semi-Automated Prioritization of Extracts for Natural Product Research (SeaPEPR)

“…Within this genus, speciation seems to be tightly linked to chemical diversification, as Haliclona extracts did not cluster, but were distributed throughout the heat map. It is known that besides species affiliation of the holobiont, the chemical profile could also be shaped by the associated microbial communities [ 23 ], the habitat [ 24 ], as well as stress associated to predation and wounding [ 25 ].…”

Bioactivities of Halometabolites from Marine Actinobacteria

“…Halometabolites were produced mainly by marine organisms because seawater contained ion chloride and bromine. Marine organisms have the capability to oxidize bromide more easily than chlorine in the biosynthesis of organic compounds, thus bromometabolites are higher than chlorometabolites as observed in sponge and red algae [4,5,7].…”

“…Biomass burning and soil chemistry have also contributed to the enormous number of abiogenic halometabolites [2]. Biogenic halometabolites are produced by bacteria, fungi, plants, marine invertebrates, and macroalgae [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8].…”