Chemical Ecology of Multitrophic Microbial Interactions: Plants, Insects, Microbes and the Metabolites that Connect Them

Ali, Jared G.; Casteel, Clare L.; Mauck, Kerry E.; Trase, Olivia

doi:10.1007/s10886-020-01209-y

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These chemicals can be sprayed onto crops or deployed in dispensers at regular intervals in the cropping system 5 . While most research in this field has focused on cues derived from plants and insects, 4,7 there is mounting evidence that microorganisms emit volatile compounds (mVOCs, microbial volatile organic compounds) that also play a role in insect behaviour 8–11 . In some cases, mVOCs attract insects by signalling the presence of appropriate resources such as food sources and oviposition sites, 12–14 whereas others have been found to deter insects 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and application of bacterial volatiles to attract a generalist aphid parasitoid: from laboratory to greenhouse assays

Goelen¹,

Vuts

Sobhy

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that microorganisms emit volatile compounds that affect insect behaviour. However, it remains largely unclear whether microbes can be exploited as a source of attractants to improve biological control of insect pests. In this study, we used a combination of coupled gas chromatography‐electroantennography (GC–EAG) and Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays to identify attractive compounds in the volatile extracts of three bacterial strains that are associated with the habitat of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani, and to create mixtures of synthetic compounds to find attractive blends for A. colemani. Subsequently, the most attractive blend was evaluated in two‐choice cage experiments under greenhouse conditions. RESULTS GC–EAG analysis revealed 20 compounds that were linked to behaviourally attractive bacterial strains. A mixture of two EAG‐active compounds, styrene and benzaldehyde applied at a respective dose of 1 μg and 10 ng, was more attractive than the single compounds or the culture medium of the bacteria in Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays. Application of this synthetic mixture under greenhouse conditions resulted in significant attraction of the parasitoids, and outperformed application of the bacterial culture medium. CONCLUSION Compounds isolated from bacterial blends were capable of attracting parasitoids both in laboratory and greenhouse assays, indicating that microbial cultures are an effective source of insect attractants. This opens new opportunities to attract and retain natural enemies of pest species and to enhance biological pest control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and application of bacterial volatiles to attract a generalist aphid parasitoid: from laboratory to greenhouse assays

Goelen¹,

Vuts

Sobhy

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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“…Diazotrophs, known for their BNF properties, also produce antibiotics, HCN, and siderophores, as well as build systemic resistance in plants, to inhibit a wide spectrum of plant fungal pathogens ( Das et al, 2017 ; Ali et al, 2020 ). Hence, the development of diazotrophic bacteria as a biofertilizer with multi-functional traits might help boost plant growth and crop production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root-Derived Endophytic Diazotrophic Bacteria Pantoea cypripedii AF1 and Kosakonia arachidis EF1 Promote Nitrogen Assimilation and Growth in Sugarcane

Singh

Guo

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Excessive, long-term application of chemical fertilizers in sugarcane crops disrupts soil microbial flora and causes environmental pollution and yield decline. The role of endophytic bacteria in improving crop production is now well-documented. In this study, we have isolated and identified several endophytic bacterial strains from the root tissues of five sugarcane species. Among them, eleven Gram-negative isolates were selected and screened for plant growth-promoting characteristics, i.e., production of siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and hydrolytic enzymes, phosphorus solubilization, antifungal activity against plant pathogens, nitrogen-fixation, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity, and improving tolerance to different abiotic stresses. These isolates had nifH (11 isolates), acdS (8 isolates), and HCN (11 isolates) genes involved in N-fixation, stress tolerance, and pathogen biocontrol, respectively. Two isolates Pantoea cypripedii AF1and Kosakonia arachidis EF1 were the most potent strains and they colonized and grew in sugarcane plants. Both strains readily colonized the leading Chinese sugarcane variety GT42 and significantly increased the activity of nitrogen assimilation enzymes (glutamine synthetase, NADH glutamate dehydrogenase, and nitrate reductase), chitinase, and endo-glucanase and the content of phytohormones gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid. The gene expression analysis of GT42 inoculated with isolates of P. cypripedii AF1 or K. arachidis EF1 showed increased activity of nifH and nitrogen assimilation genes. Also, the inoculated diazotrophs significantly increased plant nitrogen content, which was corroborated by the 15N isotope dilution analysis. Collectively, these findings suggest that P. cypripedii and K. arachidis are beneficial endophytes that could be used as a biofertilizer to improve plant nitrogen nutrition and growth of sugarcane. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sugarcane growth enhancement and nitrogen fixation by Gram-negative sugarcane root-associated endophytic bacteria P. cypripedii and K. arachidis. These strains have the potential to be utilized as sugarcane biofertilizers, thus reducing nitrogen fertilizer use and improving disease management.

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“…Plant growth is a complex phenomenon. Plants themselves continuously produce and secrete compounds, including organic/amino acids, sugars, phenolics, and other secondary metabolites into their surroundings for the selective assemblage of those microbes which help out the plants through multiple ways on practical grounds ( Ali et al, 2020 ). On the other side, there is always a competition between the soil microbes for the successful colonization of the roots, and in most cases, microbes exhibiting high affinity for the roots and having multiple traits are favored by the plants.…”

Section: Regulation and Plant Growth During Bnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the plant can cope with a variety of ethylene-inducing stresses and proliferate its root system. Diazotrophs can inhibit the growth of a diverse range of plant pathogens causing various diseases by producing antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and siderophores or inducing systemic resistance in the plants ( Das et al, 2017 ; Ali et al, 2020 ). So, the development of diazotrophic inoculants with dual attributes of nitrogen fixation and antagonism against phytopathogens can contribute to increased plant growth and productivity.…”

Section: Regulation and Plant Growth During Bnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diazotrophs for Lowering Nitrogen Pollution Crises: Looking Deep Into the Roots

et al. 2021

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During and after the green revolution in the last century, agrochemicals especially nitrogen (N) were extensively used. However, it resulted in a remarkable increase in crop yield but drastically reduced soil fertility; increased the production cost, food prices, and carbon footprints; and depleted the fossil reserves with huge penalties to the environment and ecological sustainability. The groundwater, rivers, and oceans are loaded with N excess which is an environmental catastrophe. Nitrogen emissions (e.g., ammonia, nitrogen oxide, nitrous oxide) play an important role in global climate change and contribute to particulate matter and acid rain causing respiratory problems, cancers, and damage to forests and buildings. Therefore, the nitrogen-polluted planet Earth needs concerted global efforts to avoid the disaster. Improved agricultural N management focuses on the synchronization of crop N demand and N supply along with improving the N-use efficiency of the crops. However, there is very little focus on the natural sources of N available for plants in the form of diazotrophic bacteria present inside or on the root surface and the rhizosphere. These diazotrophs are the mini-nitrogen factories that convert available (78%) atmospheric N2 to ammonia through a process known as “biological nitrogen fixation” which is then taken up by the plants for its metabolic functioning. Diazotrophs also stimulate root architecture by producing plant hormones and hence improve the plant’s overall ability to uptake nutrients and water. In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionized the whole agri-industry by introducing nano-fertilizers and coated/slow-releasing fertilizers. With this in mind, we tried to explore the following questions: To what extent can the crop N requirements be met by diazotroph inoculation? Can N input to agriculture be managed in a way leading to environmental benefits and farmers saving money? Can nanotechnology help in technological advancement of diazotroph application? The review suggests that an integrated technology based on slow-releasing nano-fertilizer combined with diazotrophs should be adopted to decrease nitrogen inputs to the agricultural system. This integrated technology would minimize N pollution and N losses to much extent.

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Chemical Ecology of Multitrophic Microbial Interactions: Plants, Insects, Microbes and the Metabolites that Connect Them

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Identification and application of bacterial volatiles to attract a generalist aphid parasitoid: from laboratory to greenhouse assays

Identification and application of bacterial volatiles to attract a generalist aphid parasitoid: from laboratory to greenhouse assays

Root-Derived Endophytic Diazotrophic Bacteria Pantoea cypripedii AF1 and Kosakonia arachidis EF1 Promote Nitrogen Assimilation and Growth in Sugarcane

Diazotrophs for Lowering Nitrogen Pollution Crises: Looking Deep Into the Roots

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