Chemical Environment Influence the Incidence of Childhood Autism

Yu, Rongrong; Xu, Yun; Wang, Yong-Gu; Qiu, Feiyue

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.14870

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In general, this study indicated that ADHD caused the reduction in number of gut bacteria but increased the diversity of community, suggesting that the diversity of microbiome community may be related to the development of ADHD. Interestingly, the change of gut bacteria in ADHD is similar to that in ASD (autism spectrum disorder, another children disease) children in our previous studies (Yu et al, 2013(Yu et al, , 2020. This can be justified by the result of many studies, which have found that comorbidity is high in ASD and ADHD individuals (Bölte et al, 2014).…”

Section: Species Composition Determined By 16s Rrna Amplicon Sequencingsupporting

confidence: 69%

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impact on the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) seriously affects children’s health, and the gut microbiome has been widely hypothesized to play a role in the regulation of ADHD behavior. The present study aims to the biosynthesize of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by using Acinetobacter johnsonii strain RTN1, followed by their characterization through state-of-the-art material characterization techniques, viz., UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopic analyses with energy dispersive spectrometry. Moreover, we investigated and compared the population composition of gut microbiota and their susceptibility to biogenic ZnONPs between healthy and ADHD children based on the traditional plate method and 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analysis. The antibacterial effect of ZnONPs against gut bacteria was also determined by measurement of live cell number, living/dead bacterial staining test, and flow cytometry observation. The present study revealed that the number of live gut bacteria in healthy children was more than 10-fold higher than that in ADHD children; however, the community structure of gut bacteria has changed, while greater diversity was found in gut bacteria from ADHD children. In addition, we found that the number of live gut bacteria in healthy and ADHD children was reduced by ZnONPs, which shows an increased and reduced effect in composition of gut bacteria from healthy and ADHD children, respectively. It was also noted that the main mechanism of ZnONPs may be to inhibit the growth of gut bacteria rather than to kill them, while the nanoparticle-resistant strains in healthy children is also different from that in ADHD children. Some representative bacteria, in particular nanoparticle-resistant bacteria, were successfully isolated and identified. Overall, this study revealed the potential correlation of ADHD with gut bacteria and provided a new possibility to prevent ADHD by the combination of nanoparticle and its resistant bacteria.

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Section: Species Composition Determined By 16s Rrna Amplicon Sequencingsupporting

confidence: 69%

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impact on the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The latest research in childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD, has transferred from genetics to environmental factors in the gut microbiome, which plays an important role [ 1 , 28 , 29 ]. Indeed, many studies have described the changes of intestinal microbiota of ASD children using non-culture-based methods [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormal social interactions, impaired language, and stereotypical and repetitive behaviors [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. In the last decade, more and more children have been diagnosed with ASD, which affects approximately 8–12% of children school-aged children worldwide [ 1 , 5 ]. Furthermore, the number of ASD children has also significantly increased in China in the last few years [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Autism Spectrum Disorder Children

Jiang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Materials

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seriously affects children’s health, while the gut microbiome has been widely hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of ASD behavior. This study investigated and compared the number, diversity, and population structure of gut microbiota between healthy and ASD children and their susceptibility to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) based on the measurement of live cell number, living/dead bacterial staining test, flow cytometry observation and bacterial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The result of this present study revealed that ASD children not only significantly reduced the live cell number and the community diversity of gut bacteria, but also changed the gut bacterial community composition compared to the healthy children. In addition, this result revealed that ZnONPs significantly reduced the number of live bacterial cells in the gut of healthy children, but not in that of ASD children. In contrast, ZnONPs generally increased the gut bacterial community diversity in both ASD and healthy children, while a greater increase was found in ASD children than that of healthy children. Furthermore, this study successfully isolated and identified some representative nanoparticle-resistant bacteria based on the color, shape, and edge of colony as well as the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The community of nanoparticle-resistant bacteria differed in between healthy and ASD children. Indeed, the representative strains 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4 from healthy children were identified as Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli with sequence similarity of 97.86%, 99.86%, 99.03% and 99.65%, respectively, while the representative strains 8-1, 8-2 and 8-3 from ASD children were identified as Bacillus cereus, with sequence similarities of 99.58%, 99.72% and 99.72%, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated that ZnONPs caused a change in number, diversity, and species composition of gut bacteria, but differed in healthy and ASD children.

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“…Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized by abnormal social interactions, impaired language, and stereotypic and repetitive behaviors. In recent years, ASD has become a public health problem with a prevalence rate of 0.6–1.7% in children, while the number of children diagnosed with ASD is quickly increasing around the world [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. In order to elucidate the cause of this disease, many studies have described and compared the composition of gut microbiota in children with and without ASD [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], which provided strong support for the change in the gut microbiome of ASD children compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Proteomic Profiles Reveal the Response of the ASD-Associated Resistant Strain 6-1 of Lactobacillus plantarum to Propionic Acid

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seriously affects children’s health. In our previous study, we isolated and identified a bacterium (Lactobacillus plantarum strain 6-1) that is resistant to propionic acid (PA), which has been reported to play a significant role in the formation of ASD. In order to elucidate the mechanism of the resistance to PA, this study investigated the change in the metabolic and proteomic profile of L. plantarum strain 6-1 in the presence and absence of PA. The results show that 967 and 1078 proteins were specifically identified in the absence and the presence of PA, respectively, while 616 proteins were found under both conditions. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of 130 differentially expressed proteins accumulated in the presence and absence of PA indicated that most of the proteins belong to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Pathway enrichment analysis showed a great reduction in the metabolic pathway-related proteins when this resistant bacterium was exposed to PA compared to the control. Furthermore, there was an obvious difference in protein–protein interaction networks in the presence and the absence of propionic acid. In addition, there was a change in the metabolic profile of L. plantarum strain 6-1 when this bacterium was exposed to PA compared to the control, while six peaks at 696.46, 1543.022, 1905.241, 2004.277, 2037.374, and 2069.348 m/z disappeared. Overall, the results could help us to understand the mechanism of the resistance of gut bacteria to PA, which will provide a new insight for us to use PA-resistant bacteria to prevent the development of ASD in children.

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Chemical Environment Influence the Incidence of Childhood Autism

Abstract: This review summarizes the environmental factors in particular chemicals involved in autism with either increasing or reducing effect in disease incidence, which will be helpful for prevention and treatment of the disease.

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impact on the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impact on the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Autism Spectrum Disorder Children

Metabolic and Proteomic Profiles Reveal the Response of the ASD-Associated Resistant Strain 6-1 of Lactobacillus plantarum to Propionic Acid

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