Chemical Equilibria in Water Treatment

Langelier, W. F.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1946.tb17557.x

Cited by 129 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Langelier Saturation Index (Langelier 1946) is a system for estimating or predicting the amount or degree of problems with lime scale, a particular water supply will cause. The LSI value usually lies between −3 and +3.…”

Section: Langelier Saturation Index (Lsi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation on the pollution status of holy aquifers of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India

Sivasankar¹,

Ramachandramoorthy²

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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The Study area is the sacred Ramanathasamy temple and selected for the characterization of physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, EC, TDS, Salinity, TA, TH, Ca( + 2), Mg( + 2), Chloride and Fluoride for 22 groundwater samples and the impact of pre- and post-monsoon on the groundwater quality was also studied. The study area is well known for the chronic fresh water shortage and the locals depend mostly on springs for their fresh water needs. The Water Quality Index (WQI) computed shows the transfer of samples under unacceptable quality to acceptable quality. The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) reflected that majority of the samples have the tendency to form scale. The Karl Pearson correlation matrix has approved the maximum relationship of calcium and chloride with respect to the total dissolved solids (TDS). It is interesting to conclude that the groundwater in the study area has very hard nature, especially of non-carbonate type.

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Section: Langelier Saturation Index (Lsi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation on the pollution status of holy aquifers of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India

Sivasankar¹,

Ramachandramoorthy²

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The LSI calculation was calculated as suggested by Langelier (1946). The LSI value explains about the dissolution, precipitation and neutral state of the water samples (Eq.…”

Section: Langelier Saturation Index (Lsi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of water quality and hydrogeochemistry of surface and groundwater, Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India

Kumar

Babu²,

Rao

et al. 2016

Appl Water Sci

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Water quality of Tiruvallur Taluk of Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India has been analysed to assess its suitability in relation to domestic and agricultural uses. Thirty water samples, including 8 surface water (S), 22 groundwater samples [15 shallow ground waters (SW) and 7 deep ground waters (DW)], were collected to assess the various physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K), anions (CO 3 , HCO 3 , Cl, SO 4 , NO 3 , PO 4 ) and trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn). Various irrigation water quality diagrams and parameters such as United states salinity laboratory (USSL), Wilcox, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na %), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (RSBC) and Kelley's ratio revealed that most of the water samples are suitable for irrigation. Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) values suggest that the water is slightly corrosive and non-scale forming in nature. Gibbs plot suggests that the study area is dominated by evaporation and rock-water dominance process. Piper plot indicates the chemical composition of water, chiefly controlled by dissolution and mixing of irrigation return flow.

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“…No author (1,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) writing on the subject of calcium carbonate sta bility has indicated that this is a simple, final solution to scale and corrosion prevention. It is, however;-a-widely used tool and constitutes a distinct im provement over the old hit-or-miss methods.…”

Section: Calcium Carbonate Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ideal Lime‐Softened Water

Larson¹

1951

Journal AWWA

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Chemical Equilibria in Water Treatment

Cited by 129 publications

References 8 publications

An investigation on the pollution status of holy aquifers of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India

An investigation on the pollution status of holy aquifers of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India

Evaluation of water quality and hydrogeochemistry of surface and groundwater, Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India

The Ideal Lime‐Softened Water

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