Chemical exposure and intestinal function.

Abstract

The particular substances that are ingested by individuals are the consequence of their environmental, residential, and occupational exposures. The possible effects of these exposures on intestinal functions can beexamined by the evaluation ofin vivo orin vitro exposure followed by an in vivo and/or in vitro monitoring of effects. Several examples of the in vivo exposure and in vitro monitoring approach are presented to demonstrate the consequences oforal exposure to either a heavy metal (arsenic), or a herbicide contaminant (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) or a jet fuel propellant (hydrazine) and the subsequent measurement of either a particular metabolic pathway, or a cell-specific enzyme induction or the development of brush border enzymes are presented.

Impact of acute chlorpyrifos toxicity on the histology and biochemistry of the stomach, intestine, and muscle of theAnabas testudineus

“…These observed pathological changes may have disrupted the normal processes of digestion and absorption in the affected organisms. The absorptive and secretory capabilities of fish were impaired due to the exposure to several toxicants, resulting in necrosis of epithelial cells, degeneration of epithelium and sub-epithelial connective tissue, and the presence of lesions on intestinal villi (Schiller, 1979). The development of cell lysis, characterized by the rupture of cells and the removal of the cell nucleus, is closely linked to necrosis, as indicated by Sulastri et al (2018).…”

“…These observed pathological changes may have disrupted the normal processes of digestion and absorption in the affected organisms. The absorptive and secretory capabilities of fish were impaired due to the exposure to several toxicants, resulting in necrosis of epithelial cells, degeneration of epithelium and sub-epithelial connective tissue, and the presence of lesions on intestinal villi (Schiller, 1979).The development of cell lysis, characterized by the rupture of cells and the removal of the cell nucleus, is closely linked to necrosis, as indicated by Sulastri et al (2018). The phenomenon of cell degeneration is known to result in the modification or disturbance of cellular functionality, as documented by Rahayu et al (2013).According to Muley et al (1996), the exposure of Channa punctatus to carbofuran resulted in the deterioration of the mucosal folds' structural integrity, as well as the degeneration and necrosis of the submucosa in the gut.…”