Chemical Factors Affecting Anthocyanin Formation and Morphogenesis in Cultured Hypocotyl Segments of <i>Impatiens balsamina</i>

Arnold, A; Albert, Luke S.

doi:10.1104/pp.39.3.307

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Chromosome numbers of various species of Impatiens, as reported in the was very small as compared with that in light. Arnold and Albert (1964) obtained similar results with cultured hypocotyl segments of I. balsrrtnit~a. Alston (1958) reported that dark-grown seedlings of I. balsrrtnit~n grown under sterile conditions synthesized anthocyanins in the hypocotyls when 2% sucrose was added to White's medium.…”

Section: Meristem ('Incomplete Reddening' As Insupporting

confidence: 70%

Anthocyanin pigmentation in roots of Impatiens species

Thakur¹,

Nozzolillo²

1978

Can. J. Bot.

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A red anthocyanin pigmentation has been investigated in root tips and mature roots of seedlings and potted plants of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae): I. balfourii, I. balsamina, I. capensis, I. flaccida, I. linearifolia, I. platypetala, I. repens, I. schlechteri, I. sultani, I. uguenensis, and several hybrid cultivars. Reddening of root tips when present in young seedlings occurs also in mature plants and seems to be a continuing feature of root development. The appearance of red pigmentation in mature root tissues was sporadic and independent of the reddening of root tips. Leucoanthocyanidins (proanthocyanidins) were invariably detected whether anthocyanins were present or not. The root anthocyanins of I, balsamina and I. platypetala include a cyanidin-3-glycoside plus an additional, as yet unidentified, minor constituent.

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Section: Meristem ('Incomplete Reddening' As Insupporting

confidence: 70%

Anthocyanin pigmentation in roots of Impatiens species

Thakur¹,

Nozzolillo²

1978

Can. J. Bot.

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“…Confirmation (1,12). It is similar to these compounds, however, in that IAA reportedly reduced the rate of anthocyanin synthesis in IAAtreated tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Ethylene Control of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Sorghum

1971

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The influence of light on ethylene production in the sorghum tissue was determined on 10-mm sections of tissue like those used for anthocyanin analysis. The sections were cut from dark-grown tissue under a safelight filter made of green Rohm and Haas acrylic that produced no detectable effect on anthocyanin synthesis in seedlings even after prolonged exposure. After cutting, sections were left on moist filter paper for 6 hr for dissipation of wound ethylene. The sections of tissue were then sealed in 1 0-ml Erlenmyer flasks containing 2 ml of sterile 1.5% agar solution with rubber vaccine caps. Light treatment was the same as for the other experiments. Ethylene concentration in the flask was measured by injecting a 1-ml sample of gas from the flask into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization attachment. Oven temperature was 150 C, and nitrogen flowed at 60 ml/min through a 6-mm outer diameter, 150-cm activated alumina column. Identity of the gas was established by cochromatography with standards.Calculation of Rate of Synthesis. The rate of anthocyanin synthesis at different times for plants receiving no ethylene treatment was taken from data in Figure 1 and is the slope of the curve at 2-hr increments. The rate of anthocyanin synthesis at different times in the presence of ethylene was taken from data in Figures 1 and 3. It was assumed that anthocyanin followed the normal ethylene-free synthesis pattern until ethylene was added and that the slope of the line connecting this point with the measured amount of anthocyanin present at the end of 24 hr was representative of the rate of synthesis under ethylene at the time ethylene was added. The rate of anthocyanin synthesis at different times for plants receiving ethylene initially but with subsequent removal was taken from data in Figure 4. It was assumed that anthocyanin synthesis under ethylene followed a straight line connecting the initial amount of anthocyanin with the measured amount of anthocyanin after 24-hr treatment with ethylene. Synthesis would follow this line until ethylene was removed, and the line connecting this point with the measured amount of anthocyanin in the tissue at 24 hr would be representative of the rate of synthesis at the time ethylene was removed.Unless otherwise stated, all experiments were repeated a minimum of three times with three replicates for each treatment. RESULTSNormal light-stimulated synthesis of anthocyanin in sorghum seedlings showed an initial lag phase of 8 hr after the darkgrown seedlings were placed in the light (Fig. 1). Rapid formation of anthocyanin began at the end of the lag phase and continued linearly throughout the time in which these experiments were conducted.

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“…Action spectra for anthocyanin formation, however, are different for nearly every species examined (1,5,6,7,9). In general, a maximum is present between 400 and 500 mg (blue) or one between 400 and 500 m, and another between 600 and 800 myi (blue & red).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In general, a maximum is present between 400 and 500 mg (blue) or one between 400 and 500 m, and another between 600 and 800 myi (blue & red). In some species a second controlling photoreaction which requires brief irradiances at relatively low intensities is present (1,6). The latter exhibits all the characteristics of phytochrome (4) with a promotive action on anthocyanin production by the red region of the spectrum (600-700 me) that is reversed by far red (700-800 miL).…”

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confidence: 99%

Photocontrol of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Milo Seedlings

1963

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Prolonged irradiation at moderately high intensities is a requirement for anthocyanin synthesis in many plants. Action spectra for anthocyanin formation, however, are different for nearly every species examined (1,5,6,7,9). In general, a maximum is present between 400 and 500 mg (blue) or one between 400 and 500 m, and another between 600 and 800 myi (blue & red). In some species a second controlling photoreaction which requires brief irradiances at relatively low intensities is present (1, 6). The latter exhibits all the characteristics of phytochrome (4) with a promotive action on anthocyanin production by the red region of the spectrum (600-700 me) that is reversed by far red (700-800 miL).A somewhat more responsive and experimentally convenient plant than the species previously used was desired to facilitate work on anthocyanin and examination of the photoreactions involved. Sorghum seedlings attracted attention because of marked reddening of the plants at an early stage of growth. Preliminary experiments showed that seedlings of many varieties of sorghum produced a great deal of anthocyanin. The availability of large lots of seeds of Wheatland milo (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) prompted its selection for further studies, some results of which are described herein. Materials & MethodsSeeds of Wheatland milo were germinated in darkness on 8-mesh stainless-steel screens immersed in aerated tap water. Temperatures of 25 to 26 C during germination and subsequent shoot growth produced seedlings of adequate size in 3Y2 to 4 days.The temperature during the treatments and during the post-treatment incubation period was maintained at 20 C. When intact seedlings were placed in petri dishes the root tended to lift the shoot away from the substrate. Excising the roots resulted in no measurable effect on the amount of anthocyanin produced in the internode so long as the seed remained attached to the shoot. Therefore, the standard procedure was to remove the roots prior to treatment. The intact shoots with seeds attached were placed on water-soaked filter paper in petri dishes or plastic boxes. These shoots were exposed to various light Received June 16, 1962. 25 regimes, then harvested immediately or after a period of incubation in complete darkness. When a darkincubation period was used, the seedlings were generally harvested 24 hours after the beginning of the light treatments. In this way the total time allowed for anthocyanin synthesis was kept constant irrespective of the duration of the light period. Experimental evidence indicated that with light periods up to 9 hours, dark-incubation periods of 24 hours produced only about 15 % more anthocyanin than was formed with dark-incubation periods of 15 hours. At the conclusion of the experiment the seed and the coleoptile were discarded and the first internode was cut into small segments. Usually, five first internodes were extracted in 5 milliliters of 1 % HCl methanol and held 24 hours at 5 C. Anthocyanin content was determined from absorbancy values (1 = 1 centimeter) at...

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Chemical Factors Affecting Anthocyanin Formation and Morphogenesis in Cultured Hypocotyl Segments of Impatiens balsamina

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Anthocyanin pigmentation in roots of Impatiens species

Anthocyanin pigmentation in roots of Impatiens species

Ethylene Control of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Sorghum

Photocontrol of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Milo Seedlings

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