Chemical feature of the soot emissions from a diesel engine fueled with methanol-diesel blends

Fan, Cunyi; Wei, Jiangjun; Huang, Haozhong; Pan, Mingzhang; Fu, Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120739

Cited by 39 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…106,107 The aliphatic and aromatic concentrations in soot reduced with increasing methanol proportion in a methanol-diesel blend fueled engine. 108 As anticipated, soot reduced with increasing FIP. 109 Alcohol fuels, biodiesel, and alkanes contain lower acyclic HCs, resulting in lower particulate emissions.…”

Section: Particulate Emissions Overviewsupporting

confidence: 58%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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Section: Particulate Emissions Overviewsupporting

confidence: 58%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Reviewing the literature that explores the application of methanol in diesel engines [77], the analyses regarding how methanol's application leads to a decrease in particulate matter (PM) emissions can be classified into three distinct categories: (1) Methanol's lower carbon fraction helps prevent the generation of aromatics, thereby minimizing soot formation [78,79]. (2) The presence of the -OH group and the low cetane number of methanol result in an extended ignition delay [80,81], fostering greater premixed fuel vaporization and consequently reducing local rich combustion zones, ultimately lowering soot formation [77,82]. (3) The oxygenated nature of methanol provides an additional oxygen supply, facilitating combustion promotion [80] and carbon oxidation [83,84].…”

Section: Methanol As a Marine Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol, a Plugin Marine Fuel for Green House Gas Reduction—A Review

Parris,

Spinthiropoulos,

Ragazou

et al. 2024

Energies

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The escalating global demand for goods transport via shipping has heightened energy consumption, impacting worldwide health and the environment. To mitigate this, international organizations aim to achieve complete fuel desulphurization and decarbonization by 50% by 2050. Investigating eco-friendly fuels is crucial, particularly those with a reduced carbon and zero sulfur content. Methanol derived mainly from renewable sources and produced by carbon dioxide’s hydrogenation method, stands out as an effective solution for GHG reduction. Leveraging its favorable properties, global scalability, and compatibility with the existing infrastructure, especially LNGs, methanol proves to be a cost-efficient and minimally disruptive alternative. This review explores methanol’s role as a hybrid maritime fuel, emphasizing its ecological production methods, advantages, and challenges in the shipping industry’s green transition. It discusses the environmental impacts of methanol use and analyzes economic factors, positioning methanol not only as an eco-friendly option, but also as a financially prudent choice for global shipping. Methanol is efficient and cost-effective and excels over MGO, especially in new ships. It is economically advantageous, with decreasing investment costs compared to LNG, while providing flexibility without specialized pressure tanks. Global marine fuel trends prioritize fuel traits, accessibility, and environmental considerations, incorporating factors like policies, emissions, bunkering, and engine adaptability during transitions.

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“…For marine application, methanol-diesel engines are more widely used, which can be divided into three classifications: direct blending, port injection, and direct injection. Direct blending means methanol is emulsified and mixed with diesel to form a diesel-methanol mixture as an engine fuel [6][7][8]. Port injection methanol-diesel engine is to inject methanol into the intake port, where it is mixed with air before entering the cylinder during the intake process, while the diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder before the top dead center (TDC) for igniting the methanol [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Performance of Marine Diesel Engines Running on Diesel/Methanol and Diesel/Natural Gas Mode

Yao,

Ding,

Ben

et al. 2023

Moses

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With the increasingly stringent requirements of international decarbonization regulations, the shipping industry has accelerated the pace of exploiting low-carbon fuels. Methanol is one of the most prospective substitute fuels featured with low-carbon content, clean combustion and easy storage. For marine diesel/methanol dual-fuel engine applications, a certain quantity of diesel is typically used to ensure a stable ignition and combustion. However, the combustion and emission characteristics as well as the stable operation window of marine diesel/methanol dual-fuel engines under different operating loads have not yet been well investigated. In this study, a marine diesel/natural gas dual-fuel engine was used as a prototype to develop a 3D simulation model using CONVERGE, which was then validated using experimental data under different operating loads. The validated model was then employed to investigate the effects of methanol substitution rate (MSR) on the combustion and emission characteristics under the diesel/methanol operation mode. By monitoring the abnormal combustion phenomena such as misfire and knocking, the maximum MSR under different operating conditions was identified. Finally, the engine performances of diesel/natural gas and diesel/methanol modes were compared in terms of combustion and emission characteristics. The results show that the maximum MSR tends to increase first (from 5% to 43% under operation load from 25% to 75%) and then decrease (from 43% to 20% under operation load from 75% to 100%) with increasing operating load owing to the misfire limitation at low load and knocking limitation at high load, respectively. Comparing to the prototype diesel/natural gas mode, the diesel/methanol mode exhibited a shorter combustion duration with increased NOx emissions. The results obtained from this study are expected to guide the operation management of marine diesel/methanol dual fuel engines, and thus help reduce ships’ CO2 emissions.

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Chemical feature of the soot emissions from a diesel engine fueled with methanol-diesel blends

Cited by 39 publications

References 58 publications

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Methanol, a Plugin Marine Fuel for Green House Gas Reduction—A Review

Comparative Study on the Performance of Marine Diesel Engines Running on Diesel/Methanol and Diesel/Natural Gas Mode

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