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Rising levels of greenhouse gases, particularly CO 2 , pose severe threats to ecological and economic systems. Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCUS) has emerged as a vital strategy to mitigate these effects. Among various sorbent materials, ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly recognized for their unique properties such as structural tunability, strong CO 2 affinity, and nonvolatility, making them promising alternatives to conventional solvents in separation and purification processes. This review thoroughly examines the latest advancements in IL-based sorbents for CO 2 capture and utilization. It explores the design and optimization of conventional, functionalized, and supported ILs, discussing the critical factors that influence their CO 2 sorption performance. The paper emphasizes the transformative role of ILs in converting CO 2 into cyclic carbonates and presents effective strategies for greenhouse gas reduction. Additionally, it integrates process simulation insights, combining computational predictions with experimental validation to optimize the design and efficiency of these processes on an industrial scale. This holistic approach not only enhances the understanding of CO 2 /ILs processes among researchers but also bridges the gap between laboratory research and industrial application, thereby improving the feasibility and sustainability of IL-based technologies.
Rising levels of greenhouse gases, particularly CO 2 , pose severe threats to ecological and economic systems. Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCUS) has emerged as a vital strategy to mitigate these effects. Among various sorbent materials, ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly recognized for their unique properties such as structural tunability, strong CO 2 affinity, and nonvolatility, making them promising alternatives to conventional solvents in separation and purification processes. This review thoroughly examines the latest advancements in IL-based sorbents for CO 2 capture and utilization. It explores the design and optimization of conventional, functionalized, and supported ILs, discussing the critical factors that influence their CO 2 sorption performance. The paper emphasizes the transformative role of ILs in converting CO 2 into cyclic carbonates and presents effective strategies for greenhouse gas reduction. Additionally, it integrates process simulation insights, combining computational predictions with experimental validation to optimize the design and efficiency of these processes on an industrial scale. This holistic approach not only enhances the understanding of CO 2 /ILs processes among researchers but also bridges the gap between laboratory research and industrial application, thereby improving the feasibility and sustainability of IL-based technologies.
The development of aqueous absorbents for CO 2 capture is significantly important to reduce global industrial gas emissions through high regeneration efficiency and low energy consumption. Herein, we newly designed and prepared a dihydroxylated ionic liquid (IL) bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium 1,2,4-triazole ([N 1,1,2OH,2OH ][T Z ]) for highly efficient CO 2 absorption through anion−cation cooperative interactions. A superior capacity of 1.33 mol of CO 2 per mol of IL and excellent reversibility have been achieved by the introduction of dihydroxy sites on the ammonium-based Tz IL. 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and quantum chemical calculations demonstrate bihydroxyl-cooperative absorption of CO 2 via hydrogen bond interaction between the cation and anion of the IL. The theory calculation shows that IL displays a superlow reactive absorption enthalpy, favorable to the reversible CO 2 absorption, which can maintain an initial absorption capacity of 98.5% with the cycle numbers of 100, implying the facile regeneration and superlow energy consumption. Thus, the functionalized ILs toward group cooperative gas absorption and excellent reversibility may open a door to designing new materials for enhancing CO 2 absorption and utilization.
This work discusses the synthesis and properties of nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional polyurethanes. NIPUs are made without the use of toxic isocyanates, reducing the environmental impact and safety concerns associated with their production. However, their synthesis reactions often require longer time and more energy to be completed. The sustainability of NIPUs is considered from various angles; the main methods for the synthesis of NIPUs, including rearrangement reactions, transurethanization, and ring-opening polymerization of cyclic carbonates with amines, are examined. Another part focuses on renewable sources, such as vegetable oils, terpenes, tannins, lignins, sugars, and others. The synthesis of waterborne and solvent-free NIPUs is also discussed, as it further reduces the environmental impact by minimizing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and avoiding the use of harmful solvents. The challenges faced by NIPUs, such as lower molecular weight and higher dispersity compared to traditional polyurethanes, which can affect mechanical properties, were also addressed. Improving the performance of NIPUs to make them more competitive compared to conventional polyurethanes remains a key task in future research.
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