Chemical gradients in human enamel crystallites

DeRocher, Karen; Smeets, Paul J. M.; Goodge, Berit H.; Zachman, Michael J.; Balachandran, Prasanna V.; Stegbauer, Linus; Cohen, Michael J.; Gordon, Lyle M.; Rondinelli, James M.; Kourkoutis, Lena F.; Joester, Derk

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2433-3

Cited by 141 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It suggests that the total reorganization in the shape of the hydroxyapatite crystals occurs within some 15 µm on the enamel-DEJ boundary, and it corresponds to the zone of elevated Mg and Na concentrations which prolongs into half of the DEJ. The presence of Mg and Na can be attributed to the crystallographic changes inside hydroxyapatites (see [54]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approach to Tooth Chemistry. Quantification of the Dental-Enamel Junction

Kuczumow¹,

Chałas

Nowak³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) is known for its special role in teeth. Several techniques were applied for the investigation of the DEJ in human sound molar teeth. The electron (EPMA) and proton (PIXE) microprobes gave consistent indications about the variability of elemental concentrations on this boundary. The locally increased and oscillating concentrations of Mg and Na were observed in the junction, in the layer adhering to the enamel and covering roughly half of the DEJ width. The chemical results were compared with the optical profiles of the junction. Our chemical and optical results were next compared with the micromechanical results (hardness, elastic modulus, friction coefficient) available in the world literature. A strong correlation of both result sets was proven, which testifies to the self-affinity of the junction structures for different locations and even for different kinds of teeth and techniques applied for studies. Energetic changes in tooth strictly connected with crystallographic transformations were calculated, and the minimum energetic status was discovered for DEJ zone. Modeling of both walls of the DEJ from optical data was demonstrated. Comparing the DEJ in human teeth with the same structure found in dinosaur, shark, and alligator teeth evidences the universality of dentin enamel junction in animal world. The paper makes a contribution to better understanding the joining of the different hard tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approach to Tooth Chemistry. Quantification of the Dental-Enamel Junction

Kuczumow¹,

Chałas

Nowak³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Mechanical properties are one of the most important properties for characterizing calcified tissues and biomaterials, especially bone repair materials. [ 15 ] Figure shows the mechanical properties of the AF membrane and the mineralized AF membranes. The average stress–strain curve (Figure 4A) indicated that the AF membrane is flexible and exhibited a large maximum elongation strain (up to about 133.8%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralization Directed by Prenucleated Calcium and Phosphorus Nanoclusters Improving Mechanical Properties and Osteogenic Potential of Antheraea pernyi Silk Fibroin‐Based Artificial Periosteum

Shuai

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The use of biomacromolecules as templates to control the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals to prepare bioactive materials is a valuable approach in bone tissue engineering. Here, an artificial periosteum is prepared by biomineralizing Antheraea pernyi fibroin (AF) membrane with prenucleated nanoclusters, which can promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induce the formation of bone matrix protein in vivo. To achieve this, a biologically inspired prenucleated calcium and phosphorus nanocluster mineralization system is designed to nucleate and generate hydroxyapatite crystals on the surface of the AF membrane. This biomineralization process provides AF membranes with improved elastic modulus and tensile strength. Subsequently, cell viability assay, hemolysis test, and H&E staining show that the mineralized AF (MAF) membranes has good cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and histocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the MAF membranes significantly promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in the absence of osteogenic inducer in vitro. Experiments in vivo demonstrate that bone-related matrix proteins are highly expressed in MAF groups with or without MSCs seeded. Therefore, the use of bioinspired prenucleated nanoclusters to prepare artificial periosteum based on biomineralized AF membrane is a promising strategy in the field of bone tissue engineering.

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“…They are based off changing units in a limit region or a wide range of structures or even throughout the entire parts or components ( Liu et al., 2017b ). Some organisms are only limited on the surfaces or within a limit depth of the surface such as gecko seta ( Tian et al., 2006 ; Yu et al., 2011 ) or lotus leaves ( Jiang et al., 2004 ; Karthick and Maheshwari, 2008 ), whereas others should require the whole 3D gradient structures to unravel its functionality such as human teeth or abalone shell ( Weiss et al., 2000 ; DeRocher et al., 2020 ; Autumn et al., 2002 ). In this section, we will review several organisms with gradient property in detail.…”

Section: Dry Gradient and Wet Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Bioinspired Dry and Wet Gradient Materials from Design Principles to Engineering Applications

Dong

Hong

et al. 2020

iScience

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Summary Nature does nothing in vain. Through millions of years of revolution, living organisms have evolved hierarchical and anisotropic structures to maximize their survival in complex and dynamic environments. Many of these structures are intrinsically heterogeneous and often with functional gradient distributions. Understanding the convergent and divergent gradient designs in the natural material systems may lead to a new paradigm shift in the development of next-generation high-performance bio-/nano-materials and devices that are critically needed in energy, environmental remediation, and biomedical fields. Herein, we review the basic design principles and highlight some of the prominent examples of gradient biological materials/structures discovered over the past few decades. Interestingly, despite the anisotropic features in one direction (i.e., in terms of gradient compositions and properties), these natural structures retain certain levels of symmetry, including point symmetry, axial symmetry, mirror symmetry, and 3D symmetry. We further demonstrate the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques and procedures in making the biomimetic counterparts. Some prototypes showcase optimized properties surpassing those seen in the biological model systems. Finally, we summarize the latest applications of these synthetic functional gradient materials and structures in robotics, biomedical, energy, and environmental fields, along with their future perspectives. This review may stimulate scientists, engineers, and inventors to explore this emerging and disruptive research methodology and endeavors.

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Chemical gradients in human enamel crystallites

Cited by 141 publications

References 56 publications

Novel Approach to Tooth Chemistry. Quantification of the Dental-Enamel Junction

Novel Approach to Tooth Chemistry. Quantification of the Dental-Enamel Junction

Biomineralization Directed by Prenucleated Calcium and Phosphorus Nanoclusters Improving Mechanical Properties and Osteogenic Potential of Antheraea pernyi Silk Fibroin‐Based Artificial Periosteum

Progress in Bioinspired Dry and Wet Gradient Materials from Design Principles to Engineering Applications

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