Chemical immobilisation of free-ranging Pampas foxes (Pseudalopex gymnocercus): Assessment of ketamine–xylazine and tiletamine–zolazepam combinations

Vidal, Estela Maris Luengos; Castillo, Diego F.; Baglioni, J.; Manfredi, C.; Lucherini, Mauro; Casanave, Emma Beatriz

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.12.016

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The use of antagonists or reversal agents might facilitate a shorter time to release these animals. However, the prevalence of thermal problems (also reported for other carnivores; Castillo et al , Luengos Vidal et al ) suggests that body temperatures of chemically restrained lesser grisons should be routinely monitored to ensure that efforts to restore the animal to normal body temperature can be initiated promptly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field capture, chemical immobilization, and morphometrics of a little-studied South American carnivore, the lesser grison

et al. 2016

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We assessed chemical immobilization and success of trapping devices on a little-known South American mustelid, the lesser grison (Galictis cuja). From December 1998 to June 2006, we live-trapped (n ¼ 23) and radiomarked (n ¼ 9) free-ranging lesser grisons in 2 areas of the Pampas grasslands of Argentina. Both box-traps and rubber-padded leg-hold traps allowed us to capture lesser grisons. However, leg-hold traps had greater capture efficiency. Although the liberation time was longer with tiletaminezolazepam than ketamine-xylazine, field immobilization of lesser grisons with both drug combinations was effective and safe. The high frequency of thermal regulation problems suggests that body temperatures of chemically restrained lesser grisons should be routinely monitored. Neither collars nor backpack harnesses were effective methods for attachment of radiotransmitters. Trapped individuals showed male-skewed sexual size dimorphism and sex ratio. Capture times suggest that lesser grisons are largely diurnal. Most of the data presented in this study are the first published on the lesser grison and provide baseline information for future research and conservation. Ó

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field capture, chemical immobilization, and morphometrics of a little-studied South American carnivore, the lesser grison

et al. 2016

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“…To minimize thermoregulation issues, we processed cats inside of a sun shade shelter to protect the animal from sun, dust, and wind, and used hot water bottles and a blanket during the night to keep them warm. We considered that an animal was suffering hypothermia when its rectal temperature was <36° C (96.8° F) and hyperthermia when it was >39° C (102.2° F; Luengos Vidal 2003, Luengos Vidal et al 2014, West et al 2014). Depending on the severity and duration of signs, we treated animals exhibiting hyperthermia with ≥1 of the following: ethyl alcohol applied to the groin area and foot pads, ice packs, cold water applied to the body surface and groin area, and cool water enema.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Chemical Immobilization of Andean and Pampas Cats in the High‐Altitude Andes

et al. 2020

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Three protocols (Ketamine–Medetomidine, Ketamine–Xylazine and Ketamine–Medetomidine–Midazolam) were used to immobilize 2 sympatric wild cat species, the critically endangered Andean cat (Leopardus jacobita), and the relatively more common Pampas cat (L. colocolo), in the high Andes Mountains of Argentina between September 2011 and May 2016. Based on 8 Andean cat capture events and 9 Pampas cat capture events, we determined that the ketamine–medetomidine combination safely induced 45 minutes of anesthesia at a dosage range of ketamine: 6–9 mg/kg, medetomidine: 0.05–0.08 mg/kg for field immobilization. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation remained within acceptable limits during all captures, but we had cases of hyperthermia in animals captured during the day. There was no evidence of a decline in the health condition of any animals recaptured 148–1,290 days post–initial capture. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

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Effects of three immobilizing drug combinations on ventilation, gas exchange and metabolism in free-living African lions (Panthera leo)

Donaldson

Buss

Fuller

et al. 2023

Conservation Physiology

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Free-living lions (12 per group) were immobilized with tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine (TZM), ketamine-medetomidine (KM), or ketamine-butorphanol-medetomidine (KBM). During immobilization, respiratory, blood gas and acid–base variables were monitored for 30 minutes. Respiratory rates were within expected ranges and remained constant throughout the immobilizations. Ventilation increased in lions over the immobilization period from 27.2 ± 9.5 to 35.1 ± 25.4 L/min (TZM), 26.1 ± 14.3 to 28.4 ± 18.4 L/min (KM) and 23.2 ± 10.8 to 26.7 ± 14.2 L/min (KBM). Tidal volume increased over the immobilization period from 1800 ± 710 to 2380 ± 1930 mL/breath (TZM), 1580 ± 470 to 1640 ± 500 mL/breath (KM) and 1600 ± 730 to 1820 ± 880 mL/breath (KBM). Carbon dioxide production was initially lower in KBM (0.4 ± 0.2 L/min) than in TZM (0.5 ± 0.2 L/min) lions but increased over time in all groups. Oxygen consumption was 0.6 ± 0.2 L/min (TZM), 0.5 ± 0.2 L/min (KM) and 0.5 ± 0.2 L/min (KBM) and remained constant throughout the immobilization period. Initially the partial pressure of arterial oxygen was lower in KBM (74.0 ± 7.8 mmHg) than in TZM (78.5 ± 4.7 mmHg) lions, but increased to within expected range in all groups over time. The partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide was higher throughout the immobilizations in KBM (34.5 ± 4.2 mmHg) than in TZM (32.6 ± 2.2 mmHg) and KM (32.6 ± 3.8 mmHg) lions. Alveolar-arterial gradients were initially elevated, but decreased over time for all groups, although in KM lions it remained elevated (26.9 ± 10.4 mmHg) above the expected normal. Overall, all three drug combinations caused minor respiratory and metabolic side-effects in the immobilized lions. However, initially hypoxaemia occurred as the drug combinations, and possibly the stress induced by the immobilization procedure, hinder alveoli oxygen gas exchange.

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Chemical immobilisation of free-ranging Pampas foxes (Pseudalopex gymnocercus): Assessment of ketamine–xylazine and tiletamine–zolazepam combinations

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Field capture, chemical immobilization, and morphometrics of a little-studied South American carnivore, the lesser grison

Field capture, chemical immobilization, and morphometrics of a little-studied South American carnivore, the lesser grison

Field Chemical Immobilization of Andean and Pampas Cats in the High‐Altitude Andes

Effects of three immobilizing drug combinations on ventilation, gas exchange and metabolism in free-living African lions (Panthera leo)

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