Chemical indicators of sulfate sensitivity to nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds

Stein, Ariel

doi:10.1029/2001jd001088

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In that work, the SAPRC99 chemical mechanism was used and the period of study was from 14-16 July 1995, covering the eastern US. Figure 2b shows that when SAPRC99 is used, the indicator transition seems to be in agreement with the estimated values from Stein and Lamb (2002). On the other hand, Fig.…”

Section: Model and Measurementssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In SAPRC-99, the relative higher abundance of reactive VOC species with respect to NO x leads to VOC saturated conditions. Under these conditions, a reduction in NO x slows down the cycling between HO 2 and OH lowering the formation of potential sulfate (Stein and Lamb, 2002).…”

Section: Model and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the CB05 chemical mechanism exhibits an intermediate behavior somewhere between the other two mechanisms but with closer similarities to CBIV given their common formulation. Theoretical, as well as model-derived, estimates of the threshold value of I SO 4 for the transition from VOC to NO x sensitivity in the formation of potential sulfate were derived by Stein and Lamb (2002) to range from 1.4 to 2.2. In that work, the SAPRC99 chemical mechanism was used and the period of study was from 14-16 July 1995, covering the eastern US.…”

Section: Model and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a sensitivity analysis and an SO 2 oxidant partitioning study were undertaken to investigate whether or not the three mechanisms form these similar sulfate concentrations via similar underlying processes. In order to analyze the response of sulfate levels to changes in primary emissions of NO x and VOCs, Stein and Lamb (2002) proposed the use of a combination of afternoon concentrations of HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 , and SO 2− 4 as "indicator species" of ambient "potential" SO 2− 4 -VOC-NO x sensitivities, where potential sulfate is defined here, after Stockwell (1994) ) and NO x -VOC chemistry can be understood in terms of the dominant sinks and sources for odd-hydrogen. A NO x -sensitive regime, defined as the chemical conditions conducive to a stronger decrease in potential sulfate as a result of a NO x reduction when compared with the same reduction in VOC (see Sillman, 1995 andLamb, 2002), favors the formation of potential sulfate over the production of HNO 3 .…”

Section: Model and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these oxidant species are formed via photochemical reactions which originate from emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Therefore, it is expected that variations in primary emissions of NO x and VOCs may have an effect on the amount and distribution of sulfate (Stein and Lamb, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivities of sulfate aerosol formation and oxidation pathways on the chemical mechanism employed in simulations

Stein

Saylor

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The processes of aerosol sulfate formation are vital components in the scientific understanding of perturbations of earth's radiative balance via aerosol direct and indirect effects. In this work, an analysis of the influence of changes in oxidant levels and sulfur dioxide oxidation pathways was performed to study the underlying pathways for sulfate formation. Sensitivities of this constituent were calculated from a series of photochemical model simulations with varying rates of NO x and VOC emissions to produce variations in oxidant abundances using a photochemical model (CMAQ) that covers the eastern US for part of the ICARTT 2004 campaign. Three different chemical mechanisms (CBIV, CB05, and SAPRC99) were used to test model responses to changes in NO x and VOC concentrations. Comparison of modeled results and measurements demonstrates that the simulations with all three chemical mechanisms capture the levels of sulfate reasonably well. However, the three mechanisms are shown to have significantly different responses in sulfate formation when the emissions of NO x and/or VOC are altered, reflecting different photochemical regimes under which the formation of sulfate occurs. Also, an analysis of the oxidation pathways that contribute to sulfur dioxide conversion to sulfate reveals substantial differences in the importance of the various pathways among the three chemical mechanisms. These findings suggest that estimations of the influence that future changes in primary emissions or other changes which perturb SO 2 oxidants have on sulfate abundances, and on its direct and indirect radiative forcing effects, may be dependent on the chemical mechanism employed in the model analysis.

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Section: Model and Measurementssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Model and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivities of sulfate aerosol formation and oxidation pathways on the chemical mechanism employed in simulations

Stein

Saylor

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Influences of atmospheric circulation on the variability of wet sulfate deposition

Dayan

Lamb

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Precipitation chemistry data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program were related to weather data from the Climate Diagnostics Center in order to reveal the influence of large-scale circulation patterns on the wet deposition of sulfate downwind of the Ohio River Valley, where SO 2 emissions were curtailed sharply in the mid-1990s. The chemistry data from five precipitation-sampling sites were combined to provide a regional average for each summer season over the 21-year period from 1984 to 2004. The long-term trend of sulfate concentration is associated to a statistically significant extent by composited flow patterns associated with the East Pacific-North Pacific index. The regional weather pattern for the sulfate-rich years is associated with an intensification of the Bermuda High over the southeastern United States at the surface in tandem with a weakening of the 500-hPa geopotential height (GPH) climatological trough located over the northeastern United States. The highest-sulfate concentration days for the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) Pennsylvania site occurred during a similar synoptic pattern when intense convection over the eastern United States was favoured thermodynamically. This study suggests that temporal changes in the large-scale circulation pattern over North America need to be considered, in addition to changes in precursor emissions, as an explanation for the decreases in sulfate concentrations observed in summertime rains across the eastern United States.

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A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

Bressi

Cavalli

Putaud

et al. 2021

Atmospheric Environment: X

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Chemical indicators of sulfate sensitivity to nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Sensitivities of sulfate aerosol formation and oxidation pathways on the chemical mechanism employed in simulations

Sensitivities of sulfate aerosol formation and oxidation pathways on the chemical mechanism employed in simulations

Influences of atmospheric circulation on the variability of wet sulfate deposition

A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

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