Chemical Induction of Male Sterility in Inbred Maize by Use of Gibberellins

Nelson, Peter; Rossman, E. C.

doi:10.1126/science.127.3313.1500-a

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The quantity of exogenous GA3 required to produce a sex reversal is dependent on genotype (17, 18) and is only effective in altering sexuality if applied prior to microspore meiosis (7). Results from a number of studies are consistent, however, and suggest that exogenous GA3 reduces maleness and promotes femaleness in the apical inflorescence of corn (7,15,17,18).A relationship between endogenous GAs and sexuality is also suggested by the behavior of certain single gene corn mutants. In anther ear (an,) and certain dwarf mutants (dl, d2, d3, dQ), male florets are observed in the lateral inflorescence, or ear, whlch is normally entirely female (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Male florets become sterile, and functional female florets develop in the apical inflorescence, or tassel, where normally only male flowers would have developed (7,15,17). The quantity of exogenous GA3 required to produce a sex reversal is dependent on genotype (17, 18) and is only effective in altering sexuality if applied prior to microspore meiosis (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Endogenous Gibberellin-like Substances with Sex Reversal of the Apical Inflorescence of Corn

Rood¹,

Pharis²,

Major³

1980

Plant Physiol.

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In developing apical meristems of corn, the level of acidic, ethyl acetate-soluble gibbereilin (GA)-ike substances increased to a maximum of 108 micrograms GA3requivalents per kilogram dry weight of tissue at inflorescence initiation, and then fel rapidly. At anthesis, only a trace (0.2 microgram per kilogram) of GA-like activity remained in the apical (male) inflorescences, whereas moderate activity (32 micrograms per kilogram), mostly of a nonpolar nature, was present in lateral, female, inflorescences.A sex reversal of the apical inflorescence, from male to female, was elicited by reducing the ambient light intensity. Higher levels of GA-lke substances, particularly those eluting from a SiOe partition column in the nonpolar region, were observed at all harvests in the reverdng mer{stems; levels increased to 180 micrograms per kilogram at inflorescence initiation, then dropped to 122 micrograms per kilogram in the apical (female), reverted meristems. This increase in endogenous GA-ike activity with reversion to the female inflorescence is consistent with observations that (a) reversion can be obtained with exogenous application of GA3 and (b) maleness is enhanced in GA-deficient mutants of maize. Endogenous GAs may thus play a key role in the control of sexuaHty of corn.Along with an increase in plant height, one of the major morphological changes in corn following exogenous application of GA3 is an alteration of sexuality. Male florets become sterile, and functional female florets develop in the apical inflorescence, or tassel, where normally only male flowers would have developed (7,15,17). The quantity of exogenous GA3 required to produce a sex reversal is dependent on genotype (17, 18) and is only effective in altering sexuality if applied prior to microspore meiosis (7). Results from a number of studies are consistent, however, and suggest that exogenous GA3 reduces maleness and promotes femaleness in the apical inflorescence of corn (7,15,17,18).A relationship between endogenous GAs and sexuality is also suggested by the behavior of certain single gene corn mutants. In anther ear (an,) and certain dwarf mutants (dl, d2, d3, dQ), male florets are observed in the lateral inflorescence, or ear, whlch is normally entirely female (16). The mutants d3, d5 and an, appear to be GA-deficient, whereas the levels of endogenous GA-like substances in di and d2 are less than half the normal level (19).

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confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Endogenous Gibberellin-like Substances with Sex Reversal of the Apical Inflorescence of Corn

Rood¹,

Pharis²,

Major³

1980

Plant Physiol.

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“…The gametocidal property of gibberellic acid in inducing male sterility is also well studied in many corps including maize (Nelson andRossman, 1958), common Onion (Van Der Meer andVan Bennekom, 1976;Badino, 1981), coriander (Kalidasu et al, 2009) and many other flowering plants (Sawhney and Shukula, 1994). Despite the volume of research on CHAs, there are no reports of male sterilizing CHAs being used for tef breeding (Berhe andMiller, 1976, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of four gametocides for induction of pollen sterility in Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter

Ghebrehiwot¹,

Burgdorf²,

Shimelis³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Effective chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) or male gametocides enhance cross pollination in plant breeding and genetic analysis of traits. The present study examined the efficacy and optimum concentration of four CHAs, namely: 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (Ethrel), ethyl 4'-fluorooxanilate (E4FO), 2, 4-dichlorphenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and Promalin ® (1.8% GA 47 -gibberellins A 4 +A 7 and 1.8% 6-BA-benzyladenine) on pollen sterility and seeding of a tef line (DZ-01-3186). Seed-derived and individually grown tef plants were treated with foliar applications of the four CHAs (at four levels each) sprayed once at the early booting stage, and bagged to control cross pollination. Female fertility was assessed by recording seed set following controlled pollinations. Although all the CHAs caused some pollen sterility, their efficacy levels varied from 9.77 to 99.50% in treated plants compared to the control (6.68 +/-1.04%). Pollen sterility increased with increasing CHA concentration. Near-complete pollen sterility (99.50 ± 0.50%) was achieved by the application of E4FO at rates of 1500 to 3000 ppm, and Ethrel at 5000 ppm. All the CHAs significantly reduced seed yield, with E4FO, Ethrel and Promalin ® at 5000 ppm causing the highest reduction, essentially yielding no seed. In the period following the application of the CHAs, plants treated with E4FO (1000 -1500 ppm) exhibited stigmas that remained fertile. Hence, it is recommended that E4FO (at 1000 -1500 ppm) can be used as a chemical emasculation agent for tef, with the least phytotoxicity and the highest female fertility.

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“…Male sterility has been induced in inbred maize by heavy doses of GA (Nelson & Rossman, 1958). The development of flowering spikes in barley can also be inhibited by heavy doses (Paleg & Aspinall, 1958).…”

Section: Addendummentioning

confidence: 99%

Xi. Addendum

1959

Biological Reviews

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Chemical Induction of Male Sterility in Inbred Maize by Use of Gibberellins

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Changes of Endogenous Gibberellin-like Substances with Sex Reversal of the Apical Inflorescence of Corn

Changes of Endogenous Gibberellin-like Substances with Sex Reversal of the Apical Inflorescence of Corn

The efficacy of four gametocides for induction of pollen sterility in Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter

Xi. Addendum

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