Chemical interaction at the interface of metal–plastic direct joints fabricated via injection molded direct joining

Zhao, Shuaijie; Kimura, Fumihiko; Wang, Shuohan; Kajihara, Yusuke

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148339

Cited by 64 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The results both confirmed the validity of AFM-IR to chemically study the buried interface. Zhao et al 32 characterized different cross-sectional areas with a distance of 25−1000 nm to the interface at the polyamide 6 (PA6) side by AFM-IR. They concluded that -CONH in PA6 formed hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the aluminum surface based on the IR spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Reaction and Bonding Mechanism at the Polymer–Metal Interface

Zou

Chen

Yao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Polymer–metal hybrid structures have attracted significant attention recently due to their advantage of great weight reduction and excellent integrated physical/chemical properties. However, due to great physicochemical differences between polymers and metals, obtaining an interface with high bonding strength is a challenge, which makes it critically important to clarify the underlying bonding mechanisms. In the present research, we focused on revealing the underlying bonding mechanisms of a laminated Cr-coated steel-ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) strip prepared by hot roll bonding from the microscale to the molecular scale with experimental evidence. The microscale mechanical interlocking was analyzed and proven by scanning white light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by means of observing the surface and cross-sectional morphologies. Additionally, interfacial phases and chemical compositions were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). More directly and effectively, the interface was successfully exposed for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Combined with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and depth profiling analysis, the formation of −(O)C–O–Cr and −C–(O–Cr)2 covalent bonds through chemical reactions at the interface between −COOH and Cr2O3 was verified. Based on these characterization results, interfacial bonding mechanisms for the laminated Cr-coated steel-EAA strip were clearly identified to be chemical bonding and micromechanical interlocking, along with hydrogen bonding, which were all demonstrated with solid experimental evidence. In addition, 3D-render view and cross-section images of typical ion fragments at the interface were used to reveal the interfacial structure more comprehensively. The contributions of hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds to the interface were evaluated and compared for the first time. This study provides both methodological and theoretical guidance for investigating and understanding interfacial bonding formation in polymer–metal hybrid structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Reaction and Bonding Mechanism at the Polymer–Metal Interface

Zou

Chen

Yao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The metal-polymer joining techniques mainly include adhesive bonding [6], mechanical fastening [7], and hot-assisted joining or welding [8][9][10][11]. However, the potential toxicity of the adhesive or primers used during adhesive bonding mean this method is not suitable for biomedical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Structuring via Additive Manufacturing to Improve the Performance of Metal and Polymer Joints

Zou

Huang

Chen

et al. 2021

Metals

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In order to enhance the joint performance of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy (TC4) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for biomedical applications, different structures were fabricated on TC4 surfaces via electron beam melting (EBM) method in this study. Macromorphologies and microinterfaces of TC4–UHMWPE joints produced via hot pressing technique were carefully characterized and analyzed. The effects of different surface structures on mechanical properties and fractured surfaces were investigated and compared. Strong direct bonding (1751 N) between UHMWPE and TC4 was achieved. The interfacial bonding behavior of TC4–UHMWPE joints was further discussed. This study demonstrates the importance of combining macro- and micromechanical interlocking, which is a promising strategy for improving metal–polymer joint performance. It also provides guidance for metal surface structuring from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

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“…Interestingly, it is indicated that the 6061/PEEK-PP hybrid structures fail due to the fracture of PEEK-PP, suggesting the high reliability of 6061/PEEK-PP interface. 13 silane coupling agent (SCA), 16 SCA-microarc oxidation (MAO), 16 hot water treatment (HWT), 17 Previous papers have developed various methods to modify the physical and chemical structures of metal and thermoplastic surfaces to strengthen the reliability of the hybrid structures. Those strategies could be classified as physical and chemical methods.…”

Section: High-reliability Peek-pp/6061 Hybrid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Strategy toward High-Reliability Metal–Thermoplastic Hybrid Structures Based on a Covalent-Bonding Mechanism

Xie

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Metal−thermoplastic hybrid structures have proven their effectiveness to achieve lightweight design concepts in both primary and secondary structural components of advanced aircraft. However, the drastic differences in physical and chemical properties between metal and thermoplastic make it challenging to fabricate high-reliability hybrid structures. Here, a simple and universal strategy to obtain strong hybrid structures thermoplastics is reported by regulating the bonding behavior at metal/ thermoplastic interfaces. To achieve such, we first researched and uncovered the bonding mechanism at metal/thermoplastic interfaces by experimental methods and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results suggest that the interfacial covalency, which is formed due to the interfacial reaction between high-electronegativity elements of thermoplastics and metallic elements at metal surfaces, dominates the interfacial bonding interaction of metal−thermoplastic hybrid structures. The differences in electronegativity and atomic size between bonding atoms influence the covalent-bond strength and finally control the interfacial reliability of hybrid structures. Based on our covalent-bonding mechanism, the carboxyl functional group (COOH) is specifically grafted on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) by plasma polymerization to increase the density and strength of interfacial covalency and thus fabricate high-reliability hybrid structures between PEEK and A6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Current work provides an in-depth understanding of the bonding mechanism at metal−thermoplastics interfaces, which opens a fascinating direction toward highreliability metal−thermoplastic hybrid structures.

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Chemical interaction at the interface of metal–plastic direct joints fabricated via injection molded direct joining

Cited by 64 publications

References 23 publications

Chemical Reaction and Bonding Mechanism at the Polymer–Metal Interface

Chemical Reaction and Bonding Mechanism at the Polymer–Metal Interface

Surface Structuring via Additive Manufacturing to Improve the Performance of Metal and Polymer Joints

A Conceptual Strategy toward High-Reliability Metal–Thermoplastic Hybrid Structures Based on a Covalent-Bonding Mechanism

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