Chemical Investigation of Predator-Deterred Macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula

Ankisetty, Sridevi; Nandiraju, Santhisree; Win, Hla Hla; Park, Young Chul; Amsler, Charles D.; McClintock, James B.; Baker, Jill A.; Diyabalanage, Thushara; Pasaribu, Albert; Singh, Manpreet; Maiese, William M.; Walsh, Rosa D. Bailey; Zaworotko, Michael J.; Baker, Bill J.

doi:10.1021/np049965c

“…red algae, for review see Amsler et al 2001;Ankisetty et al 2004), although the ecological significance of most of these compounds in grazer or fouler deterrence remains to be established. Chemical screening of organic extracts of Antarctic seaweeds revealed that no chemicals containing nitrogen are present ) even though it had been hypothesized that the nitrogen-replete conditions in Antarctic coastal waters should promote the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds.…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Defences Against Herbivory And Foulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Wiencke

¹

,

Clayton

²

,

Gómez

³

et al. 2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Polar seaweeds are strongly adapted to the low temperatures of their environment, Antarctic species more strongly than Arctic species due to the longer cold water history of the Antarctic region. By reason of the strong isolation of the Southern Ocean the Antarctic marine flora is characterized by a high degree of endemism, whereas in the Arctic only few endemic species have been found so far. All polar species are strongly shade adapted and their phenology is finely tuned to the strong seasonal changes of the light conditions. The paper summarises the present knowledge of seaweeds from both polar regions with regard to the following topics: the history of seaweed research in polar regions; the environment of seaweeds in polar waters; biodiversity, biogeographical relationships and vertical distribution of Arctic and Antarctic seaweeds; life histories and physiological thallus anatomy; temperature demands and geographical distribution; light demands and depth zonation; the effect of salinity, temperature and desiccation on supraand eulittoral seaweeds; seasonality of reproduction and the physiological characteristics of C. Wiencke (&) AE U. H. Lü der

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“…Our 2 extraction methods target a suite of non-polar and polar compounds, and crude extracts present a mixture of primary and secondary metabolites. Since all structural elements of the algae are factored out, it is reasonable to interpret rejections in crude-extract feeding bioassays as an indication of a chemically based defense mechanism, even though we know the individual compounds responsible for the observed reactions in only a few instances (Ankisetty et al 2004). Against sea stars, 48% of the macroalgal species examined were chemically defended (63% of the species unpalatable as thallus, 76% of those unpalatable as extract).…”

Section: Palatability and Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, 50 non-MAA secondary metabolites have been reported from Antarctic macroalgae (Amsler et al 2001b, Ankisetty et al 2004, Blunt & Munro 2004, none of which contain nitrogen. As described above, in the present study we could detect no nitrogen-containing compounds by TLC staining from extracts of 24 common macroalgal species that were prepared by an acid-extraction process that should have selected for alkaloids and similar compounds.…”

Section: Absence Of Nitrogenous Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive evaluation of the palatability and chemical defenses of subtidal macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula

Amsler¹,

Iken²,

McClintock³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The palatability of 35 non-encrusting, subtidal macroalgal species collected from the vicinity of Palmer Station, Antarctica (64°46' S, 64°03' W), was determined in laboratory bioassays utilizing sympatric sea stars and fish known to consume macroalgae in nature. Overall, 63% of the macroalgal species offered to sea stars and 83% of the macroalgal species offered to fish in thallus bioassays were significantly unpalatable. This included all of the ecologically dominant, overstory brown macroalgae in the region. When organic extracts of unpalatable macroalgal species were incorporated into artificial foods, 76% of the species unpalatable as thallus to sea stars were also unpalatable to them as extract, and 53% of the species unpalatable as thallus to fish were also unpalatable to them as extract. If either sea stars or fish rejected thallus of a macroalgal species, palatability of organic extracts of that species to herbivorous amphipods was determined: 63% of such algal species were unpalatable as extract to the amphipods. It was concluded that antarctic macroalgae are commonly unpalatable to sympatric consumers and that much of this unpalatability is the result of chemical defenses. As a whole, neither thallus toughness nor a variety of nutritional quality parameters appeared to be related to macroalgal palatability. We also tested the hypothesis that nitrogen-containing metabolites should be common in macroalgae from nitrogen-replete, carbon-limited environments such as the coastal waters of Antarctica. Macroalgal acid extracts targeting nitrogenous secondary metabolites were subjected to thin-layer chromatography analysis; no such compounds were detected.

show abstract

“…red algae, for review see Amsler et al 2001;Ankisetty et al 2004), although the ecological significance of most of these compounds in grazer or fouler deterrence remains to be established. Chemical screening of organic extracts of Antarctic seaweeds revealed that no chemicals containing nitrogen are present (Amsler et al 2005a) even though it had been hypothesized that the nitrogen-replete conditions in Antarctic coastal waters should promote the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds.…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Defences Against Herbivory And Foulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Wiencke¹,

Clayton²,

Gómez³

et al. 2006

Life in Extreme Environments

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Polar seaweeds are strongly adapted to the low temperatures of their environment, Antarctic species more strongly than Arctic species due to the longer cold water history of the Antarctic region. By reason of the strong isolation of the Southern Ocean the Antarctic marine flora is characterized by a high degree of endemism, whereas in the Arctic only few endemic species have been found so far. All polar species are strongly shade adapted and their phenology is finely tuned to the strong seasonal changes of the light conditions. The paper summarises the present knowledge of seaweeds from both polar regions with regard to the following topics: the history of seaweed research in polar regions; the environment of seaweeds in polar waters; biodiversity, biogeographical relationships and vertical distribution of Arctic and Antarctic seaweeds; life histories and physiological thallus anatomy; temperature demands and geographical distribution; light demands and depth zonation; the effect of salinity, temperature and desiccation on supraand eulittoral seaweeds; seasonality of reproduction and the physiological characteristics of C. Wiencke (&) AE U. H. Lü der

show abstract

Chemical Investigation of Predator-Deterred Macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula

Cited by 88 publications

References 35 publications

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Comprehensive evaluation of the palatability and chemical defenses of subtidal macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

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