Chemical kinetics and mechanisms in solvent extraction of copper chelates

Flett, D.S.

doi:10.1021/ar50111a005

Cited by 90 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The concentrations of the oil phase were also calculated on the basis of mass conservation. The solubility of AD-100 in the aqueous phase was negligible; thus, the reaction was assumed to take place only at the interface between the two immiscible liquid-liquid phases [18]. The reaction mechanism involved in this work is given in Eq.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of efficiency and accuracy of two-electron integrals calculation between two methods in multi-configuration time-dependent hartree fock frame

Han

2013

J Math Chem

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The extraction performance in a T-junction microchannel was investigated experimentally. CuSO 4 /H 2 SO 4 /AD-100/260 # solvent oil was chosen as the working system. The velocities of the aqueous and oil phases were varied from 0.0016 to 0.45 m s -1 , with Re M varying between 9 and 200. The experimental results show that the extraction process of copper in the microchannel is controlled by both reaction intrinsic kinetics and mass transfer, depending on the characteristics of the reaction and the fluid hydrodynamics. The maximum extraction efficiency is about 0.96, and the apparent overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k app a) is in the range of 0.02-0.2 s -1 . In addition, the effects of the Cu 2+ concentration and the pH in the aqueous phase, the volumetric fraction of AD-100 in the oil phase, and the temperature on the extraction performance were investigated in detail. IntroductionLiquid-liquid extraction, which is also known as solvent extraction, is widely utilized in the process industries such as the petroleum, food, hydrometallurgy and chemical industries, and others. The extraction of copper is a representative process in the hydrometallurgy industry. The introduction of the LIX series extractants by General Mills Company was an exciting innovation for the copper mining industry, creating a great interest in the process of liquid-liquid extraction accompanying chemical reactions [1]. The extraction has been carried out in different contactors, such as the mixer-settler contactors, column contactors, etc. The mixer-settler [2] is free of backmixing between different stages and can be operated under nearly equilibrium conditions between the two phases. However, its recycling solvent and the energy consumption for mechanical stirring are very large. Besides, it requires large space for allocation. Extraction columns, such as sieve plate, pulsed, spray and rotating-disc columns, etc., have also been widely employed [3,4]. Although these contactors benefit from a simple structure, their utilization is limited due to extreme backmixing, which greatly reduces the extraction efficiency. Moreover, some other contactors are also exploited for extraction processes. Doungdeethaveeratana and Sohn [5] studied the extraction kinetics in a cylindrical vessel, and a high dispersion performance of the two immiscible liquid-liquid phases could be obtained by gas agitation so that better extraction efficiency was generated. Merchuk et al. [6] experimentally investigated copper extraction with LIX-64N by means of motionless mixing, and an approximate 92 % of equilibrium was achieved in the Koch static mixer. Nevertheless, some disadvantages still exist in these contactors, such as rigorous operating conditions, long extraction times, small overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients, etc.Microchemical engineering technology, as one of the most important process intensification modes, has been in the focus of industry and academia [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The extremely large surfaceto-volume ratio and the short t...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, an increase in H + concentration in the aqueous phase has a negative effect on the distribution of Cu 2+ in the two phases, as shown in Eq. (18).…”

Section: Effect Of the Volumetric Fraction Of Ad-100 In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of efficiency and accuracy of two-electron integrals calculation between two methods in multi-configuration time-dependent hartree fock frame

Han

2013

J Math Chem

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“…Besides, an increase in H + concentration in the aqueous phase has a negative effect on the distribution of Cu 2+ in the two phases, as shown in Eq. (18). logD logk ex nlogHR oil 2pH (18) From Eq.…”

Section: Effect Of the Volumetric Fraction Of Ad-100 In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(18). logD logk ex nlogHR oil 2pH (18) From Eq. (18), it can be seen that the logarithmic value of D increases linearly with the value of pH of the aqueous phase [25].…”

Section: Effect Of the Volumetric Fraction Of Ad-100 In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Copper Extraction Characteristics in a T‐Junction Microchannel

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2013

Chem Eng & Technol

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The extraction performance in a T-junction microchannel was investigated experimentally. CuSO 4 /H 2 SO 4 /AD-100/260 # solvent oil was chosen as the working system. The velocities of the aqueous and oil phases were varied from 0.0016 to 0.45 m s -1 , with Re M varying between 9 and 200. The experimental results show that the extraction process of copper in the microchannel is controlled by both reaction intrinsic kinetics and mass transfer, depending on the characteristics of the reaction and the fluid hydrodynamics. The maximum extraction efficiency is about 0.96, and the apparent overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k app a) is in the range of 0.02-0.2 s -1. In addition, the effects of the Cu 2+ concentration and the pH in the aqueous phase, the volumetric fraction of AD-100 in the oil phase, and the temperature on the extraction performance were investigated in detail. IntroductionLiquid-liquid extraction, which is also known as solvent extraction, is widely utilized in the process industries such as the petroleum, food, hydrometallurgy and chemical industries, and others. The extraction of copper is a representative process in the hydrometallurgy industry. The introduction of the LIX series extractants by General Mills Company was an exciting innovation for the copper mining industry, creating a great interest in the process of liquid-liquid extraction accompanying chemical reactions [1]. The extraction has been carried out in different contactors, such as the mixer-settler contactors, column contactors, etc. The mixer-settler [2] is free of backmixing between different stages and can be operated under nearly equilibrium conditions between the two phases. However, its recycling solvent and the energy consumption for mechanical stirring are very large. Besides, it requires large space for allocation. Extraction columns, such as sieve plate, pulsed, spray and rotating-disc columns, etc., have also been widely employed [3,4]. Although these contactors benefit from a simple structure, their utilization is limited due to extreme backmixing, which greatly reduces the extraction efficiency. Moreover, some other contactors are also exploited for extraction processes. Doungdeethaveeratana and Sohn [5] studied the extraction kinetics in a cylindrical vessel, and a high dispersion performance of the two immiscible liquid-liquid phases could be obtained by gas agitation so that better extraction efficiency was generated. Merchuk et al. [6] experimentally investigated copper extraction with LIX-64N by means of motionless mixing, and an approximate 92 % of equilibrium was achieved in the Koch static mixer. Nevertheless, some disadvantages still exist in these contactors, such as rigorous operating conditions, long extraction times, small overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients, etc.Microchemical engineering technology, as one of the most important process intensification modes, has been in the focus of industry and academia [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The extremely large surfaceto-volume ratio and the short tr...

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“…[18][19][20][21][22] Since the structures of the extractants significantly influence such physicochemical property and extraction behavior, macrocyclic compound such as calixarene derivatives are attractive. 23) In our previous work by the batchwise method, methyl ketonic 24) and 2-pyridyl 25) derivatives of pt-octylcalix [4]arene as extractants exhibited high extraction selectivity for silver among precious metals in nitrate media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Interfacial Activity on Silver Extraction Rate with Calix[4]arene Derivatives in Nitrate Media

Kim¹,

Morisada²,

Kawakita³

et al. 2014

J.I.E.

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arene derivatives as extraction reagents have been prepared to investigate silver extraction rate in nitrate media by batch-wise method. The interfacial tension was also measured by the drop volume method to investigate the effect of interfacial activity on silver extraction rate with the calix[4]arene derivatives in chloroform / nitric acid media by varying the concentrations of the extraction reagent and nitric acid. Interfacial activities of calix[4]arene derivatives were evaluated by comparing the obtained interfacial tension values. The interfacial excess and the average area per the adsorbed extractant molecule at chloroform / nitric acid interface were estimated from the Gibbs' adsorption equation and were used to investigate the relationship with silver extraction by using calix [4]arene derivatives in nitrate media. From the result, silver extraction rate with calix[4]arene derivatives in nitrate media was significantly related to their interfacial activities.

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Chemical kinetics and mechanisms in solvent extraction of copper chelates

Cited by 90 publications

References 7 publications

A comparison of efficiency and accuracy of two-electron integrals calculation between two methods in multi-configuration time-dependent hartree fock frame

A comparison of efficiency and accuracy of two-electron integrals calculation between two methods in multi-configuration time-dependent hartree fock frame

An Experimental Study of Copper Extraction Characteristics in a T‐Junction Microchannel

Effect of Interfacial Activity on Silver Extraction Rate with Calix[4]arene Derivatives in Nitrate Media

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