Chemical Looping Conversion of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels for Chemical Production: A Review

Abstract

Chemical looping technology enables achievement of the simultaneous feedstock conversion and product separation without additional processes via circulating solid intermediates (so-called oxygen/nitrogen carriers) in a redox process, which contributes to the improvement of product selectivity and energy conservation. In general, methane, CO 2 , N 2 , ethane, propane, ethanol, and glycerol are typical gaseous and liquid fuels for producing syngas, pure H 2 , pure CO, NH 3 , ethylene, and propylene via the chemical looping process. Central to this technology is the solid intermediates that act as reservoirs for storing and releasing O or N in multiple sub-reactions to close the loop. This work comprehensively describes the chemical looping conversion of gaseous or liquid fuels for chemical production, covering chemical looping reforming of methane, chemical looping oxidative coupling of methane, chemical looping reforming of liquid fuels, chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation, and chemical looping ammonia synthesis technologies. Specifically, this review mainly focuses on the development of oxygen/nitrogen carrier materials, especially the related research in China. The effects of composition, structure, and morphology on the performance and related reaction mechanisms are discussed.

Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ethane: A Mini Review of Recent Advances and Perspective of Chemical Looping Technology

“…There are 215 ethylene producing facilities operating in the world. The operators of these complexes are about 100 companies, and the largest are ExxonMobil, SABIC, DowDuPont [4][5][6]. The world's largest concentration of ethylene production capacity is located in the four main regions of North America, Northeast Asia, Central Asia, and Western Europe.…”

“…Capital expenditures should amount to USD 9.05 billion [10,14]. An important feature of the upcoming development of the olefins market is the activation of the United Although there have been quite a lot of excellent reviews covering the topic of ethylene production, they tend to focus on cracking processes, and in some cases, oxidative dehydrogenation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This review aims to offer a perspective on various processes of selective ethylene production and the generalized design principles for the oxidative processes.…”

Intensification of Chemical Looping Processes by Catalyst Assistance and Combination

“…What to do? A possible solution can be provided by chemical looping [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], a promising technology of low emission, with applications in electricity or heat production, as well as in chemicals and fuels. This novel technology is rapidly evolving towards an established "clean combustion" due to the intrinsic, very efficient CO2 separation.…”

Developing Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Biomass Processing: Challenges and Opportunities

“…We also note the recently published reviews on oxygen carrier formulation for various chemical looping applications. [24][25][26][27] These reviews have comprehensively captured the recent advances in the development of oxygen carriers for the conversion of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon fuels to heat and, or functional chemical products. However, we identify an outstanding need to complement the existing literature and to establish a comprehensive understanding of the structural-functional relationship of OCs used in CLBP.…”