Chemical methods to reduce the radioactive contamination of animals and their products in agricultural ecosystems

Voigt, G.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(93)90389-n

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In animal production systems a wide range of measures are suitable. Binding agents, such as ammoniumferric-hexacyano-ferrate (AFCF) or calcium can be administered to reduce the gut absorption of radiocaesium and radiostrontium respectively (Voigt, 1993). The feeding and fattening regime can be altered to avoid the use of locally produced contaminated grass or silage .…”

Section: Selecting Countermeasures and Quantifying Their Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of long-term physical, chemical and management-based measures can be taken to reduce the soil-plant-animal transfer of radionuclides and in turn limit their entry into the human food chain (IAEA, 1994). Included are techniques such as deep ploughing (Vovk et al, 1993), soil application of fertilisers (Nisbet et al, 1994), use of binding agents in soils (Vandenhove et al, 1998) or livestock (Voigt, 1993), changes in livestock management (Howard, 1993) or in land use (IAEA, 1994). In the event of a future nuclear accident, it is critical that not only the 'optimal' countermeasure should be selected for each agricultural situation, but also that the benefits gained in lowering the transfer of radionuclides into the human food chain are not outweighed by negative environmental, social or economic impacts from that countermeasure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a spatial decision support system for post-emergency management of radioactively contaminated land

Salt

Dunsmore

2000

Journal of Environmental Management

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Section: Selecting Countermeasures and Quantifying Their Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a spatial decision support system for post-emergency management of radioactively contaminated land

Salt

Dunsmore

2000

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Le dépôt maximal associé au niveau d'intervention est donc de 178 kBq/m 2 (5 Ci/km 2 ). L'adjonction de complexants (hexacyanoferrate (AFCF), dérivés du bleu de Prusse) à la ration alimentaire abaisse le transfert métabolique au lait d'un facteur 5 à 10 [9]. Retenons le chiffre 5.…”

Section: Le Laitunclassified

Réflexions sur le respect des niveaux d'intervention dans un territoire contaminé par un dépôt accidentel de césium 137

et al. 1995

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After a nuclear accident leading to an important radionuclide deposition, the responsible authorities are faced to the question of complying with intervention levels. These regulations may be expressed as mass activities in foodstuffs, or individual doses for the populations. A situation of acute caesium 137 contamination of the environment was played in 1993 during a French and Russian joint crisis exercise. In answering the questions from the administration, the experts examined the conditions allowing agricultural practices 1) according to a set of intervention levels in foodstuffs, and 2) how that was compatible with a recommendation relative to an individual dose for the populations of 1 mSv/y, although this limit is applicable in normal conditions and is not intended for post-accidental situations.

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“…The results of subsequent studies, as well as of some earlier studies, were reviewed by Voigt (1993) and the findings are summarised in Table 6. Voigt concluded that bentonites were the most effective of the minerals tested for the reduction of radiocaesium in animal products and that the apparent differences in their effectiveness may relate to the origin and forms of bentonites used in the experiments.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Bentonites As Substances For Control Of Radionucmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Voigt concluded that bentonites were the most effective of the minerals tested for the reduction of radiocaesium in animal products and that the apparent differences in their effectiveness may relate to the origin and forms of bentonites used in the experiments. Voigt, 1993 A typical study was that of Unsworth and co-workers, who examined the effects on radiocaesium levels in milk of the inclusion of bentonite in the diets of dairy cows fed naturally contaminated silage (Unsworth et al, 1989). In untreated controls, radiocaesium in milk reached a plateau after 5 days and remained at that level for the remainder of the 6-week experiment.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Bentonites As Substances For Control Of Radionucmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite as a technological feed additive for all species

2012

EFS2

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Bentonites are colloidal clays composed largely of montmorillonite. They are currently authorised for use as feed additives (binders, anti-caking agents and coagulants) to a maximum of 20 g/kg feedingstuffs. They are also authorised for use as food additives. A consortium is seeking the re-authorisation of bentonites as pellet binders and anti-caking agents and authorisation for a new application for the control of radionuclide contamination. Chickens and piglets tolerated the addition of bentonite at a concentration of 3 % of diet and dairy cows tolerated 2 % added bentonite. Trout are reported to tolerate at least 2.5 % bentonite in the diet. Since the application is for all animal species and all bentonites, and as a margin of safety is difficult to establish, the FEEDAP Panel considers that the presently authorised limit of 2 % of diet should be retained. Addition of bentonites to diets is incompatible with the use of robenidine and is expected to reduce the effectiveness of other coccidiostats. No concerns for the safety of consumers of food products derived from animals fed diets containing bentonite were identified. Bentonites are not skin irritants but may be mildly irritant to the eye. Although skin sensitisation was not considered, the Panel notes that bentonites are used in cosmetics. The Panel considers it prudent to assume that all bentonite dusts pose a hazard to those handling the additive. Bentonites are ubiquitous soil components, and their use in animal production is not expected to adversely affect the environment. Bentonites can increase pellet durability when added to complete feed at concentrations of between 1 % and 2 %. Since bentonites are authorised for use, without restriction, as anti-caking agents in food and can be assumed to demonstrate similar properties when applied to feed materials, no further demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary. Bentonites added to feed contaminated by radioactive fallout or made available to grazing animals will reduce levels of radiocaesium in animals and their products. © European Food Safety Authority, 2012 KEY WORDSTechnological additive, anti-caking agent, binder, substances for control of radionuclide contamination, bentonite, safety, efficacy SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety, for target animals, consumer, users and the environment, and the efficacy of a group of bentonites. Bentonites are colloidal and plastic clay materials composed largely of montmorillonite (a species of dioctahedral smectite). The properties of bentonites can vary considerably depending on geological origin and any post-extraction modification, and their individual characteristics have a marked bearing on their economic use. Bentonites (E558) are currently authorised for use as feed additives, with the name -Bentonite-montmorillonite‖, as binders, anti-caking agents and coagulants under the category tec...

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Chemical methods to reduce the radioactive contamination of animals and their products in agricultural ecosystems

Cited by 33 publications

References 59 publications

Development of a spatial decision support system for post-emergency management of radioactively contaminated land

Development of a spatial decision support system for post-emergency management of radioactively contaminated land

Réflexions sur le respect des niveaux d'intervention dans un territoire contaminé par un dépôt accidentel de césium 137

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite as a technological feed additive for all species

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