Chemical Mineralogical and Physical Properties of Eastern Kentucky Acid-Forming Coal Spoil Materials

Barnhisel, R. I.; Massey, H. F.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196911000-00010

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…As a result, the reclaimed land is so compact that it prohibits root development and tree establishment. Specifically, compacted soil increases bulk density and soil resistance to mechanical penetration, and reduces hydraulic conductivity, as well as air and nutrient flow in the soil (Barnhisel and Massey, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Low Spoil Compaction Techniques for Hardwood Forest Establishment on an Eastern Kentucky Surface Mine

Michels¹,

Barton²,

Cushing³

et al. 2007

JASMR

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Abstract. To return surface mined areas in eastern Kentucky to productive forests, the compaction of mine spoil must be minimized or ameliorated. Four methods to reduce compaction on reclaimed surface mines were compared at the Bent Mountain research site in Pike County, Kentucky. The methods included: single shank ripped spoil, triple shank ripped spoil, excavated spoil, and rough graded spoil. Normally graded spoil was also examined as a control to represent a traditional reclamation practice. A single shank ripper was used in gently sloping areas to a depth of ≈ 2-m, while the triple shank ripper was used primarily on level spoil to a depth of ≈ 1.5-m. Both rippers were pulled with a D-11 dozer. Excavated spoil was created by digging out compacted spoil to a depth of ≈ 1-m and dropping it in place. The end dump or rough graded spoil was created by dumping mixed sandstones and shale spoil from a dump truck to a depth of 2 to 2.5-m followed by minimal grading (single pass) with a D-9 dozer to strike-off the piles. All sites were planted with native hardwood species in 2004. Three plots measuring 50 x 50-m were established within each spoil treatment. All trees within the research plots were tagged and have been examined each year for survival and growth characteristics. Bulk density was also measured annually using a nuclear density probe. Preliminary results show several statistically significant differences in tree height and survival. Survival for white oak (Quercus alba) was significantly higher for all reclamation methods compared to the control, and end dump was significantly higher than excavated. Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) height was significantly greater for all reclamation methods compared to the control, and single shank ripped was significantly higher than all methods. For black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) height and northern red oak (Quercus rubra) survival all methods except excavated were significantly greater than the control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Low Spoil Compaction Techniques for Hardwood Forest Establishment on an Eastern Kentucky Surface Mine

Michels¹,

Barton²,

Cushing³

et al. 2007

JASMR

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show abstract

“…Mine spoil habitats often show heterogeneity condition especially in soil nutrient distribution (Bloomfield et al 1982); and spoil material does not contain organic C derived from recent plant material, but may contain various amounts of fossil C (Barnhisel and Massey, 1969;Roberts et al 1988). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoil characteristics under five years old native woody plantations and unplanted dump in dry tropical environment, India.

Singh

2017

Ann.Pl.Sci.

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Present study was conducted to investigate spoil characteristics under 5-yr old high-density plantations of three native trees (Albizia lebbeck A. procera and Tectona grandis) and one fast growing woody grass (Dendrocalamus strictus) species on coal mine spoils and same age unplanted mine spoil dump at the same area. We examined physical characters such as soil bulk density, water holding capacity, soil texture (sand, clay and silt) and chemical characters such as pH, total nutrients (C, N and P) and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) in chronosequence of spoil depth (0-50 cm) at 10 cm interval under planted stand of each selected species and unplanted dump. A significant effect of plantations on physico-chemical characteristics (except soil bulk density) of mine spoils was found. Among species, A. lebbeck exhibited substantial improvement in mine spoil soils followed by D. strictus, A. procera and T. grandis plantation. Although, chemical characteristics especially total concentrations of soil C, N and P and their ratios were significantly different due to species and spoil depth, indicating plantations of all species have abilities to improve soil chemical qualities at young stage of establishment. Compared to unplanted dump, plantation of A. lebbeck showed highest concentrations of total nutrients (C, N and P) and exchangeable cations with respect to spoil depth followed by D. strictus, A. procera and T. grandis, which confirms that some species have suitable qualities for the modification of spoil characteristics during rehabilitation process.

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“…Barnhisel and Massey, 1969;Bzowski and Strzyszcz, 1993;Kostenko and Opanasenko, 2005;Skawina, 1959a,b;Struthers, 1964). One of the most important aspects of natural functioning of initial soils developed on mine spoils are mineral transformations of industrial wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of the author's knowledge, such transformations in technogenic soils developed on sulphide-bearing mine spoils have not yet been studied in detail (e.g. Barnhisel and Massey, 1969;Uzarowicz et al, 2008). Mineral transformations in weathering environments, similar to those encountered in technogenic soils containing iron sulphides (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technogenic soils developed on mine spoils containing iron sulphides: Mineral transformations as an indicator of pedogenesis

Uzarowicz

Skiba

2011

Geoderma

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Chemical Mineralogical and Physical Properties of Eastern Kentucky Acid-Forming Coal Spoil Materials

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Low Spoil Compaction Techniques for Hardwood Forest Establishment on an Eastern Kentucky Surface Mine

Evaluation of Low Spoil Compaction Techniques for Hardwood Forest Establishment on an Eastern Kentucky Surface Mine

Spoil characteristics under five years old native woody plantations and unplanted dump in dry tropical environment, India.

Technogenic soils developed on mine spoils containing iron sulphides: Mineral transformations as an indicator of pedogenesis

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