Chemical-mineralogical characterization of critical elements into ferromanganese crusts

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the sorption and desorption of rare earth metal (REM) cations by cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (CMC) of Govorov’s guyot. It has been established that the sorption of REM cations occurs on the ore minerals KMK – Fe-vernadite, vernadite, Mn-feroxygite, goethite. The crusts are characterized by a high exchange capacity – 1.78–3.57 mg-eq/g, which increases in a series: (Dy Gd Lu Sm Nd Y, La Eu) Ce. The sorption of REM cations proceeds by an ion exchange equivalent irreversible mechanism. The exchange complex of ore minerals consists of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ cations, which contribute 97‒98% to their total capacity. The crusts are characterized by the group sorption of REM cations from multicomponent aqueous solutions of metal salts. The selectivity of ore manganese and ferruginous minerals of crusts to REM cations is significantly higher than to the main cations of ocean water. From experimental data on the desorption of sorbed REM cations with NaCl solution, their irreversible absorption by ore minerals follows, and the strengthening of the chemical bond of sorbed REM cations with the main structural elements of these minerals over time. An important property of ore minerals, primarily manganese minerals, is their chemical and structural stability in aqueous solutions of electrolytes. This suggests the repeated use of ferromanganese crusts as sorbents of REM cations.

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Extraction of Cobalt and Manganese from Ferromanganese Crusts Using Industrial Metal Waste through Leaching

Pérez,

Toro,

Robles

et al. 2024

Metals

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Ferromanganese crusts are mineral resources distributed in the planet’s oceans. These deep-sea minerals stand out for their abundance and diversity of metals, with Mn and Co being the most abundant elements. These minerals are a good alternative to diversify the extraction of elements, which today are found at low grades on the Earth’s surface. For the co-processing of ferromanganese crusts to recover Co and Mn, there are few studies. These generally worked with the use of a reducing agent, and in many cases previous roasting processes. In the present investigation, two ferromanganese crusts that were collected from two seamounts in the central eastern Atlantic Ocean were characterized. Subsequently, these crusts were leached in an acid-reducing medium, adding steel waste (slag) with 99.73% Fe3O4 and 0.27% metallic iron from the steel industry as a reducing agent. Acid-reducing processes have previously been shown to yield high and rapid recoveries of Co and Mn from seabed minerals. However, there is no previous study using smelting slag as a reducing agent for the treatment of ferromanganese crusts. The best results of this research were obtained when working at 60 C, achieving joint extractions of Co and Mn of ~80% and ~40%, respectively, in 10 min. In addition, the process residues were analyzed, and the formation of contaminating elements or the precipitation of Co and Mn species was not observed.

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Chemical-mineralogical characterization of critical elements into ferromanganese crusts

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

First geological survey and characterisation of a giant depression in carbonate strata at the Rio Grande Rise (southwestern Atlantic)

First geological survey and characterisation of a giant depression in carbonate strata at the Rio Grande Rise (southwestern Atlantic)

Sorption-desorption of rare earth metal cations by ferromanganese crusts of Govorov’s guyote of the Magellanic Mountains of the Pacific Ocean

Extraction of Cobalt and Manganese from Ferromanganese Crusts Using Industrial Metal Waste through Leaching

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