Chemical-mineralogical valuation of the leachate potential of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ashes

Treatment and Reuse of Incineration Bottom Ash

“…Weathering reactions proceed naturally in incinerator BA upon contact with atmospheric agents including water, O 2 and CO 2 , and basically mimic the mineralogical alteration processes documented for soils of volcanic origin (Zevenbergen and Comans, 1994;Zevenbergen et al, 1998). Although it is well established that natural weathering leads to the formation of thermodynamically stable phases or phase assemblages Johnson et al, 1995;Meima and Comans, 1997;Zevenbergen et al, 1996Zevenbergen et al, , 1998Zevenbergen and Comans, 1994;Comans and Meima, 1994;Pfrang-Stotz et al, 2000), completion of the chemical and mineralogical transformations is expected to occur within time frames on the order of hundreds to thousands of years. Nevertheless, it has been shown that a certain degree of BA stabilization can be attained when the material is stockpiled for periods ranging from some weeks to a few months.…”

Possible production of ceramic tiles from marine dredging spoils alone and mixed with other waste materials

“…It is classified as a simple waste and can be stored into a landfill at a quite low cost. Bottom ash is a highly heterogeneous burn-out mixture of slag, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ceramics, glass, other non-combustibles and residual organic matter [18][19][20]. The extreme heterogeneity of bottom ash, combined with the potential leachability of heavy metals, mainly Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb, means that some other kind of processing is preferable as an alternative to disposal into landfill.…”

“…A number of researchers have demonstrated reduced leaching from sintered products compared to the original waste [16,17,[19][20][21][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The use of waste incinerator BA to produce ceramics has been already reported [26][27][28]; SS [17,[21][22][23][24] and MSS [16,17] can be processed just like BA, whereas the studies on the ceramurgic processing of DS or their mixtures with other waste materials are not so common.…”

Treatment methods for waste to be landfilled

“…In table 6.1, the leaching of bottom ashes at L/S = 10 l/kg (Lapa et al 2002, Pfrang-Stotz et al 2000, Kaartinen 2004, Zijlstra et al 1994, LaineYlijoki et al 2005, Flyhammer 2006) are compared to EU waste acceptance limits for non-hazardous waste landfill. Examples of critical constituents that may exceed the EU leaching WAC are chloride, fluoride, copper, antimony and DOC.…”