Chemical modification of lignins: Towards biobased polymers

Laurichesse, Stéphanie; Avérous, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.11.004

Cited by 1,623 publications

(1,252 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…The surface properties of WNF 150 and REF 150 were further analyzed to understand the differences in Lignin has a variety of functional groups on its surface, making it more hydrophobic (Laurichesse and Avérous 2014) than hydroxyl group-rich cellulose. The WCAs were higher than those reported for the nanopapers fabricated from WNF (77.88) with a 13.5-wt% residual lignin (Rojo et al 2015), but in reasonable agreement with our sample that contained twice as much lignin.…”

Section: Nanopaper Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical fabrication of high-strength and redispersible wood nanofibers from unbleached groundwood pulp

et al. 2017

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In the past, the direct production of lignincontaining nanofibers from wood materials has been very limited, and nanoscale fibers (nanocelluloses) have been mainly isolated from chemically delignified, bleached cellulose pulp. In this study, we have introduced a newly adapted, heat-intensified disc nanogrinding process for the enhanced nanofibrillation of wood nanofibers (WNF) with a high lignin content (27.4 wt%). The WNF produced this way have many unique and intriguing properties in their naturally occurring form, for example, being able to be dispersed in ethanol and having ethanol solution viscosities higher than water solution viscosities. When WNF nanopapers were formed with ethanol, the properties of the nanofibers were recoverable without a notable decrease in the viscosity or mechanical strength after redispersing them in water. The preservation of lignin in the WNF was noticed as an increase in the water contact angles (89°), the rapid removal of water in the fabrication of the nanopapers, and the enhanced strength of the nanopapers when subjected to high pressure and heat. The nanopapers fabricated from the WNF were mechanically stable, having an elastic modulus of 6.2 GPa, a maximum stress of 103.4 MPa, and a maximum strain of 3.5%. Throughout the study, characteristics of the WNF were compared to those of the delignified and bleached reference cellulose nanofibers. We envision that the exciting characteristics of the WNF and their lower cost of production compared to that of bleached cellulose nanofibers may offer new opportunities for nanocellulose and biocomposite research.

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Section: Nanopaper Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical fabrication of high-strength and redispersible wood nanofibers from unbleached groundwood pulp

et al. 2017

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“…Due to the high thermal stability of lignin, it is hard to decompose it totally; hence, it is considered to be a major constituent of the residual char (Yang et al 2010;Laurichesse and Avérous 2014).…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alkaline Peroxide Pre-treatment on Microfibrillated Cellulose from Oil Palm Fronds Rachis Amenable for Pulp and Paper and Bio-composite Production

et al. 2016

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Effects of alkaline peroxide (AP) pre-treatment were investigated with respect to the extracted cellulose fibres from the vascular bundles of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fronds (OPF) rachis at different AP concentrations. The extracted fibres were prepared through the mechanical fibrillation resulting from the AP pre-treatment concentrations of the rachis. The cellulose fibres obtained were characterized using microscopic (SEM), spectroscopic (FTIR), thermal (TGA-DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The screen pulp yield was between 38.07% and 42.69%, which increased with the increase in the AP concentrations. The SEM showed a significant separation of the fibres after the AP pretreatment. FTIR spectroscopy and TGA showed significant dissolution of both lignin and hemicellulose molecules from the treated biomass at higher alkaline peroxide concentrations. The thermal stability of the extracted fibres ranged from 366 o C to 392 o C while the XRD results showed that the cellulose fibre extracted at H2O2/NaOH ratio of 2.5%: 2.0%,w/v AP concentrations gave the highest percentage crystallinity (35.7%). The handsheet made from the cellulose fibre showed that tensile, burst, and tear indexes increased with an increase in AP concentration. Duncan Multiple Range Test shows that mild alkaline peroxide pretreatment (medium concentrations) is best favoured for paper making pulp and bio-composite production.

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“…These free radicals are highly reactive and can participate in polymerization, depolymerization, copolymerization, and grafting (Saastamoinen et al 2012). Since the lignin structure is very similar to that of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins, similar polymerization can be achieved (Khan and Ashraf 2006;Laurichesse and Avérous 2014). To transform lignin into an insoluble adhesive, it must be additionally cross-linked; a lower number of free positions in the aromatic nuclei and a lower rate of reactivity limit the utility of lignin as an adhesive (Khan and Ashraf 2006).…”

Section: Laccase Application In Fiberboard Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laccase, an Emerging Tool to Fabricate Green Composites: A Review

Mahmood¹,

Hashim²,

Sulaiman³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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In the last two decades, laccases have received much attention from researchers because of their specific ability to oxidize lignin. This function of laccase is very useful for applications in several biotechnological processes, including delignification in the pulp and paper industry and the detoxification of industrial effluents from the textile and petrochemical industries. This review focuses on laccase-mediated fiberboard synthesis. Growing concerns regarding the emission of formaldehyde from wood composites has prompted industrialists to consider the fabrication of green composites. Laccase-mediated fiber treatments oxidize the lignin component without affecting the cellulose structure. As a result, free radicals are generated on the fiber surface, and these can act as potential reactive sites for further cross-linking reactions in board manufacturing. Binderless fiberboards prepared using such methods can be considered as green composites because the manufacturing process involves no additional resin.

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Chemical modification of lignins: Towards biobased polymers

Cited by 1,623 publications

References 163 publications

Mechanical fabrication of high-strength and redispersible wood nanofibers from unbleached groundwood pulp

Mechanical fabrication of high-strength and redispersible wood nanofibers from unbleached groundwood pulp

Effect of Alkaline Peroxide Pre-treatment on Microfibrillated Cellulose from Oil Palm Fronds Rachis Amenable for Pulp and Paper and Bio-composite Production

Laccase, an Emerging Tool to Fabricate Green Composites: A Review

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