Chemical modification of the cocoa shell surface using diazonium salts

Fioresi, Flavia; Vieillard, Julien; Bargougui, R.; Bouazizi, Nabil; Fotsing, Patrick Nkuigue; Woumfo, Emmanuel Djoufac; Brun, Nicolas; Mofaddel, Nadine; Derf, Franck Le

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.069

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Ahmad et al [158] used CBS-based activated carbon as an efficient cationic dye (methylene blue) absorber. Indeed, several authors have proposed CBS, with or without modifications, as a bioadsorbent for textile dyes, gas pollution, heavy metals, or even protein immobilization [159][160][161].…”

Section: Uses In Industry and Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa Bean Shell—A By-Product with Nutritional Properties and Biofunctional Potential

et al. 2020

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Cocoa bean shells (CBS) are one of the main by-products from the transformation of cocoa beans, representing 10%‒17% of the total cocoa bean weight. Hence, their disposal could lead to environmental and economic issues. As CBS could be a source of nutrients and interesting compounds, such as fiber (around 50% w/w), cocoa volatile compounds, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and a large spectrum of polyphenols, CBS may be a valuable ingredient/additive for innovative and functional foods. In fact, the valorization of food by-products within the frame of a circular economy is becoming crucial due to economic and environmental reasons. The aim of this review is to look over the chemical and nutritional composition of CBS and to revise the several uses that have been proposed in order to valorize this by-product for food, livestock feed, or industrial usages, but also for different medical applications. A special focus will be directed to studies that have reported the biofunctional potential of CBS for human health, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, or neuroprotective activities, benefits for the cardiovascular system, or an anti-inflammatory capacity.

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Section: Uses In Industry and Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa Bean Shell—A By-Product with Nutritional Properties and Biofunctional Potential

et al. 2020

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“…They contain valuable biologically active substances -polysaccharides, proteins, vitamins, caffeine, tannin, theobromine, organic acids and others (Redgwell et al 2003). Cocoa shells have a high antioxidant ability (Martinez et al 2017) and can therefore be used as an additive in various foods (Fioresi et al 2017). They are also used for feeding animals, fertilize and improve the soil as an additive in the production of briquettes for heating, paper making, heavy metals absorption in sewage and others (Okieimen and Imanah 2006;Fioresi et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cocoa shells have a high antioxidant ability (Martinez et al 2017) and can therefore be used as an additive in various foods (Fioresi et al 2017). They are also used for feeding animals, fertilize and improve the soil as an additive in the production of briquettes for heating, paper making, heavy metals absorption in sewage and others (Okieimen and Imanah 2006;Fioresi et al 2017). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of quantity of cocoa shells and feed moisture on the water absorption index (WAI), the water solubility index (WSI) and sensory characteristics of the obtained extrudates from corn semolina and cocoa shells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical characteristics of extrudates from corn semolina flavored with cocoa shells

Toshkov

Simitchiev

Nenov

2019

FSAB

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Extrusion of corn semolina milled with cocoa shells using a single screw extruder “BRABENDER 20 DN” was carried out. Full factorial experimental 22 was used to investigate the effects of the quantity of cocoa shells and moisture of the material on the water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). Working screw speed and feed screw speed were fixed at 200 and 40 rpm, respectively. Compression ratio of the screw was fixed at 4:1. Temperatures of the first, second and third zone were 150, 155 and 160 °C. Water absorption index values range were between 6.71 and 7.6 g/g and the water solubility index between 25.38 and 35.33 %. The increase in moisture content and quantity of cocoa shells leads to an increase in water absorption index and a decrease in water solubility index. Practical applications: Cocoa shells in an amount of up to 10% can be used in the production of extrudates by mixing with corn semolina. Water absorption index values range between 6.71 and 7.6 g/g and the water solubility index between 25.38 and 35.33 %. The resulting regression models can be used to optimize the process. In general, results show that cocoa shells can be mixed with corn semolina for the production of extrudates, which allows us to recommend extrusion processing of cocoa shells as an alternative technology in utilization processing of raw cocoa materials.

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“…12 CBS is devoid of any marketable value and is mainly used as raw biomass material (as food additive, garden mulch and soil conditioner) or as fuel for boilers. 10,13,14 CBS is composed mainly of polysaccharides, hemicellulose, and lignin and other components. 10,14 making it a sustainable and renewable biosource for production of cellulose and others biomolecules for advanced applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,13,14 CBS is composed mainly of polysaccharides, hemicellulose, and lignin and other components. 10,14 making it a sustainable and renewable biosource for production of cellulose and others biomolecules for advanced applications. Indeed, the transformation of this waste into valuable and marketable products, such as cellulose derivatives, would help to valorize this waste and improve its disposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New highly hydrated cellulose microfibrils with a tendril helical morphology extracted from agro-waste material: application to removal of dyes from waste water

et al. 2018

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Chemical modification of the cocoa shell surface using diazonium salts

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

Cocoa Bean Shell—A By-Product with Nutritional Properties and Biofunctional Potential

Cocoa Bean Shell—A By-Product with Nutritional Properties and Biofunctional Potential

Physical characteristics of extrudates from corn semolina flavored with cocoa shells

New highly hydrated cellulose microfibrils with a tendril helical morphology extracted from agro-waste material: application to removal of dyes from waste water

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