Chemical Nature of Agrocin 84 and Its Effect on a Virulent Strain of
            <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>

McCardell, Barbara A.; Pootjes, Christine F.

doi:10.1128/aac.10.3.498

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Agrocin 84 ( 44 ) was originally isolated from Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 in Australia [ 273 , 274 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 278 ]. Agrocin 84 ( 44 ) is selectively active against several strains of the phytopathogenic agrobacteria like Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes .…”

Section: Natural Products Containing a P–n Bond (Phosphoramidates)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products Containing ‘Rare’ Organophosphorus Functional Groups

2019

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Phosphorous-containing molecules are essential constituents of all living cells. While the phosphate functional group is very common in small molecule natural products, nucleic acids, and as chemical modification in protein and peptides, phosphorous can form P–N (phosphoramidate), P–S (phosphorothioate), and P–C (e.g., phosphonate and phosphinate) linkages. While rare, these moieties play critical roles in many processes and in all forms of life. In this review we thoroughly categorize P–N, P–S, and P–C natural organophosphorus compounds. Information on biological source, biological activity, and biosynthesis is included, if known. This review also summarizes the role of phosphorylation on unusual amino acids in proteins (N- and S-phosphorylation) and reviews the natural phosphorothioate (P–S) and phosphoramidate (P–N) modifications of DNA and nucleotides with an emphasis on their role in the metabolism of the cell. We challenge the commonly held notion that nonphosphate organophosphorus functional groups are an oddity of biochemistry, with no central role in the metabolism of the cell. We postulate that the extent of utilization of some phosphorus groups by life, especially those containing P–N bonds, is likely severely underestimated and has been largely overlooked, mainly due to the technological limitations in their detection and analysis.

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Section: Natural Products Containing a P–n Bond (Phosphoramidates)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products Containing ‘Rare’ Organophosphorus Functional Groups

2019

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“…Over similar concentration ranges, neither strain was inhibited by nucleotides (4) and (9) or the nucleoside (7). The absence of detectable activity using either indicator strain with the N 6 -substituted nucleotide (9) shows that although this is a necessary condition for selectivity, it is not a sufficient requirement for antibiotic activity.…”

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confidence: 93%

Erratum

1979

Nature

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“…1). Omission of Casamino Acids, with which medium McCardell and Pootjes achieved good yields of agrocin 84 (15), resulted in little growth and no production of agrocin (results not shown). Omission of sodium glutamate led to a reduction in both growth and agrocin production, as did the omission of glucose in the presence of both supplements ( Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…or minimal agar (5) with sodium glutamate substituted for glucose, and the cells were killed with chloroform and overlaid with the strain to be tested for sensitivity. Comparison of agrocin production on solid media by strains J73, D286, and 396 was carried out with the minimal salt solution (MSS) of McCardell and Pootjes (15;AB medium with no glucose added) containing 1.5% agar and supplemented with combinations of 0.5% glucose, 0.5% sodium glutamate, 0.5% yeast extract, and 0.5% Casamino Acids (Difco Laboratories). Strains were classified as sensitive if a clearly defined, visible zone of inhibition was recorded.…”

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confidence: 99%

Agrocin-Producing Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strain Active against Grapevine Isolates

Webster

Santos

Thomson

1986

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens J73, a biotype 2 strain harboring a nopaline Ti plasmid, was found to produce an agrocin active against a broad range of A. tumefaciens strains, including grapevine isolates. Sensitivity to J73 is not encoded by a Ti plasmid. Optimal conditions for the production of the agrocin were determined. Crown gall disease causes major agricultural losses throughout the world. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the causative agent of crown gall, has been described as the third most significant bacterial plant pathogen in the United States (8). The pathogen attacks 93 plant families, the majority of which are dicotyledonous (2). Crown gall is of economic concern to stone fruit growers in the United States (1); almond, peach, and rose growers in Australia (9); stone fruit and grape growers in Greece (19); and deciduous fruit tree and grape growers in South Africa. It has been established that strains of A. tumefaciens can be divided into three distinct biotypes (11). Agrobacteria affecting fruit trees belong to biotype 1 or 2, while the majority of isolates from grapevines belong to biotype 3. Many biotype 1 and 2 strains of A. tumefaciens are successfully controlled by agrocin 84 produced by nontumorigenic A. radiobacter 84 (9). However, only strains of A. tumefaciens harboring the nopaline Ti plasmid are potentially sensitive to agrocin 84, and some of these are found to be resistant either in vitro or in vivo (10, 11, 17, 20, 23). A South African nonpathogenic isolate of A. tumefaciens, D286, was studied in this laboratory and produced an agrocin which inhibits some strains that are resistant to agrocin 84, as it is active against strains carrying nopaline-, octopine-, and agropine-type Ti plasmids (6). Unfortunately, as mentioned by Kerr and Tate (12), neither agrocin 84 nor agrocin D286 inhibits biotype 3 strains, which are mainly responsible for crown gall on grapevines. We report here another agrocin-producing strain, J73, which is active against biotype 3 strains. Strain J73 was isolated from an infected Prunus salicinia tree by the Fruit and Fruit Technology Institute, South Africa. It was shown to be a pathogenic biotype 2 strain by the criteria of Panagopoulos and Psallidas (18). Plating on minimal medium (4) supplemented with 2 ,ug of either nopaline or octopine (Sigma Chemical Co.) per ml showed that this strain utilized nopaline as its sole source of nitrogen and carbon. The spectrum of activity of agrocin J73 was compared with those of agrocins D286 (6) and 84 (9) by the method of Kerr and Htay (10). For this method, agrocin-producing strains were grown for at least 3 days at 26°C on AB agar (15)

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Chemical Nature of Agrocin 84 and Its Effect on a Virulent Strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Natural Products Containing ‘Rare’ Organophosphorus Functional Groups

Natural Products Containing ‘Rare’ Organophosphorus Functional Groups

Erratum

Agrocin-Producing Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strain Active against Grapevine Isolates

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