Chemical nature of feeding stimulants for the juvenile Dover sole, Solea solea (L.)

Abstract

Juvenile Dover sole, Solea solea, were weaned from a live food, Artemia salina nauplii, on to a casein-based particulate diet flavoured with flesh of the mussel, Mytilus edulis. These fish would not accept an unflavoured casein-based diet but readily ate the diet flavoured with either mussel flesh or a mixture of pure chemicals whose composition was based on an analysis of the low-molecular weight fraction of mussel flesh. The rate of growth and survival over a seventy-seven day period was essentially the same on either of the flavoured diets. The active constituent in the mixture of pure chemicals was identified as glycine betaine for fish of wet weight exceeding 5 0 g while glycine betaine with certain L-amino-acids was required for fish of about 2.5 g wet weight. These results are discussed in relation to the known feeding behaviour and food preferences of the wild Dover sole.

Dermal sense organs and their significance in the feeding behaviour of the common sole Solea vulgaris

“…In the present study, author names are in alphabetic order clearly differentiated sensory organs (de Groot, 1969;Holl, 1965). Reports on the link between sensory organs and behaviour of feeding sole have been written by Chabanaud (1927), de Groot and Corten (1967) Mackie et al (1980), and Appelbaum et al (1983). In general, chemoreception is regarded a s the main mechanism in sole feeding behaviour.…”

Effect of several feeding stimulants on diet preference by juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), fed diets with or without partial replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal

“…been shown to be specific feeding stimulants for turbot Mackie and Adron, 1978 and Ž . Dover sole Mackie et al, 1980 , respectively. Others such as trigoneiline, adenosine Ž .…”

The Physiology of Taste in Fish: Potential Implications for Feeding Stimulation and Gut Chemical Sensing

“…Furthermore, mollusks and crustaceans contain high concentrations of five of the most frequently cited stimulants in carnivorous fish (Gly, Ala, Pro, Arg, and betaine) and distinctions have even been made between carnivores from lower (feeding on invertebrates; e.g., soleidae) or higher (feeding on fish) trophic levels with respect to the stimulatory efficacy of betaine, which is present at high levels Table 3. Palatability of amino acids (L-isomers) assessed in 21 different fish species (20 species in the case of cysteine and norvaline), showing a stimulant or deterrent effect; species in which AAs where indifferent are not represented (adapted from Kasumyan and Døving, 2003 in invertebrates but only in trace amounts in teleost fish tissue (Mackie et al, 1980;Carr et al, 1996;Reig et al, 2003). On the other hand, in the case of the herbivorous tilapia, the major stimulatory AAs (Glu, Asp, Ser, Lys, and Ala) are also particularly abundant in romaine lettuce, a plant which they normally consume (Adams and Johnsen, 1986).…”