Chemical peach thinning with surfactants and ammonium nitrate

Byers, Ross E.; Lyons, Calvin G.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1983.11515150

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Prebloom sprays, such as Gibberellins applied a couple of weeks before harvest (Southwick and Fritts, 1995;Taylor and Geisler-Taylor, 1998) and soybean oil applied during winter (Myers et al, 1996), have been shown to be effective; however, producers are reluctant to spray chemical thinners until the danger of spring frost has passed. Effi cacy of bloom sprays typically varies due to weather patterns and stage of bloom and some are not cost effective compared to hand thinning (Byers, 1999;Byers and Lyons, 1983;1984;Coetzee and Theron, 1999;Fallahi, 1997;Lemus, 1998;Southwick et al, 1996Southwick et al, , 1998. Mechanical approaches to thinning are typically conducted at full bloom or shortly after (Baugher et al, 1988(Baugher et al, , 1991Berlage, and Langmo, 1982) but have not been widely adopted by commercial producers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tergitol TMN-6 for Thinning Peach Blossoms

Wilkins¹,

Ebel²,

Dozier³

et al. 2004

HortSci

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This study was conducted to determine efficacy of Tergitol TMN-6 in thinning peach blossoms. A pretest was conducted and demonstrated no difference between TMN-6 and TMN-10 in efficacy when applied at full bloom or petal fall and at rates of 20 and 40 mL·L-1. In the main test, Tergitol TMN-6 was sprayed once at 10, 20, or 30 mL·L-1 at full bloom or petal fall and compared to an unsprayed control for 3 years. Tergitol caused widespread necrosis of flower parts including sepals, petals, pistils, stamens and peduncles. There was a difference among chemical treatments with more fruit removed at higher concentrations, although the amount of fruit removed was similar for the 20 and 30 mL·L-1 rates. There was no difference in thinning response at full bloom or petal fall, indicating a wide window of efficacy. There was also a difference among years, which was apparently not related to temperature or relative humidity during time of application. Tergitol caused some leaf yellowing and tip burn especially at the higher rates when leaves were present, but the trees did not appear to be seriously affected. Fruit weight was either not affected or larger in some years from treatment. Unlike higher concentrations, tergitol at 10 mL·L-1 did not negatively impact fruit number per tree at harvest. At harvest, fruit weight, skin blush, firmness, and soluble solids at harvest were not affected by treatment. Tergitol TMN-6 proved to be an effective thinning agent and when applied from full bloom to petal fall at 10 mL·L-1 it did not adversely affect the tree or fruit.

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confidence: 99%

Tergitol TMN-6 for Thinning Peach Blossoms

Wilkins¹,

Ebel²,

Dozier³

et al. 2004

HortSci

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“…Attempts to chemically thin peach trees have been characterized by inconsistency, phytotoxicity, and lack of chemical industry pursuit of commercialization (Batjer et al, 1943;Byers, 1988;Byers et al, 1983). Desiccating agents have been used for flower thinning of peach trees (Byers et al, 1983); and one desiccating compound, 1-aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (AMADS) (Entek Corp., Brea, Calif.), has been registered by EPA for flower thinning of peach trees (Myers et al, 1993).…”

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Partial Flower Thinning Increases Shoot Growth, Fruit Size, and Subsequent Flower Formation of Peach

Myers¹,

Savelle²,

Tustin³

et al. 2002

HortSci

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Partial thinning of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) during bloom to 50% of the necessary level by hand, and followed by adjustment hand thinning at 42 days after full bloom (DAFB) was compared to a similar degree of thinning accomplished entirely at 42 DAFB by hand. Partial flower thinning altered the distribution of fruit by diameter, increasing the percentage of large diameter (≥62.0 mm) fruit harvested compared to unthinned trees or trees thinned entirely at 42 DAFB. Although shoot number per limb was not altered by thinning time, the distribution of shoots by length was affected, increasing the percentage of long shoots (≥20.0 cm). Compared to unthinned trees and trees thinned at 42 DAFB, partial flower thinning increased the subsequent development of flower buds per shoot and the number of flower buds per node. Number of flower buds on the proximal five nodes of shoots 15.0-30.0 cm in length was increased, although not on shoots 5.0-7.0 cm in length. Additional trials established that airblast spray application of AMADS was effective in achieving a similar level of thinning as that accomplished by partial flower thinning by hand in previous experiments. The degree of flower removal exhibited a linear response to chemical concentration. Fruit diameter on chemically flower-thinned trees was greater at adjustment thinning time, when compared to trees thinned by hand at 42 DAFB only. Distribution of fruit at harvest indicated a larger percentage of fruit >65.0 mm in trees which received partial flower thinning in comparison to trees thinned at 42 DAFB only. As a result, overall crop value was increased, based on the commercial processing peach price structure at the time of harvest. Chemical name used: 1-aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (AMADS)

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“…Chemical thinning may reduce costs. Research with caustic or desiccating chemicals for bloom and postbloom thinning of peaches and related fruit has led to mixed results and no commercial use [monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate, Wilthin (Myers et al, 1993); dinitro-ortho-cresol, Elgetol (Hibbard and Murneek, 1950); urea (Di Marco et al, 1992;Zilkah et al, 1988); fertilizers (Byers and Lyons, 1983, 1984, 1985; and growth regulators (Beutel et al, 1969;Buchanan and Biggs, 1969;Byers, 1978)]. However, chemi-cal thinning of stone fruit with gibberellins has been demonstrated Southwick and Fritts, 1995) and has become commercial practice in California.…”

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Bloom Thinning `Loadel' Cling Peach with a Surfactant

Southwick¹,

Weis²,

Yeager³

1996

jashs

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Hand thinning fruit is required every season to ensure large fruit size of `Loadel' cling peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] in California. Chemical thinning may lower costs of hand thinning. A surfactant, Armothin {[N,N-bis 2-(omega-hydroxypolyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene) ethyl alkylamine]; AKZO-Nobel, Chicago; AR}, was sprayed at 80% of full bloom (FB), FB, and FB + 3 days. The spray volume was 935 liters/ha. Concentrations of AR were 1%, 3%, and 5% (v/v). An early hand thinning in late April, a normal hand thinning at 13 days before standard reference date (early May), and a nonthinned control were compared to bloom-thinned trees for set, yield, and fruit quality. AR resulted in no damage to fruit; however, slight leaf yellowing and burn and small shoot dieback were seen at the 5% concentration. Fruit set, and therefore, the number of fruit that had to be hand thinned, were reduced with 3% AR applied at 80% FB and 5% AR applied at all bloom phenophases (stages of bloom development). Thinning time was reduced by 37% (5% AR applied at 80% FB), 28% (5% applied at FB), and by 20% (3% applied at 80% of FB), compared to the normally hand-thinned control. Although AR resulted in early size (cross suture diameter and weight) advantages, at harvest there were no significant differences in fruit size among all AR treatments and the normally hand-thinned control. Total and salable yields of AR treatments and the normally hand-thinned control were equal. Armothin shows promise for chemical thinning of peach when used as a bloom thinner.

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Chemical peach thinning with surfactants and ammonium nitrate

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Tergitol TMN-6 for Thinning Peach Blossoms

Tergitol TMN-6 for Thinning Peach Blossoms

Partial Flower Thinning Increases Shoot Growth, Fruit Size, and Subsequent Flower Formation of Peach

Bloom Thinning `Loadel' Cling Peach with a Surfactant

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