Chemical–physical and mineralogical investigation on ancient mortars from the archaeological site of Monte Sannace (Bari—Southern Italy)

Bruno, P.; Calabrese, D.; Pierro, Maria; Genga, A.; Laganara, Caterina; Manigrassi, D. A. P.; Traini, A.; Ubbrı̀aco, Pietro

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2003.11.054

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The amorphous components (such as soluble silicates from hydraulic or pozzolanic reactions) if present, are very difficult to detect or are even not identifiable. This method is often complemented with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as described later in text and in other works (Silva et al 2005;Moropoulou et al 1995;Bruno et al 2004;Genestar et al 2006). The XRD analysis were performed with a Philips X'Pert PW 3040/60 goniometer, using CuKa radiation, with operational conditions of 30 mA and 50 kV, automatic divergent notch graphite monochromator and a step size of 1 /2y/min in the 4-65 2y range, with data acquisition by Philips X'Perta Data Collector v1.2, after samples dried at 60 C, grounded and pulverized in an agate mortar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Renders, Joint Mortars, and Adobes from Traditional Constructions in Aveiro (Portugal)

Coroado

Paiva

Velosa

et al. 2010

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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The huge and special architectural heritage of Aveiro (Portugal) from the beginning of the past century is characterized by the use of stone or adobe (mud sun-dried blocks), as structural material, with lime renders and mortars. Some of those buildings are situated in the city core and show different degradation degrees, promoted either by weathering in urban context, lack of maintenance, or the seaside proximity. To preserve this type of construction, a study was carried out in order to characterize renders, joint mortars and adobes, to know the composition and behaviour of each in the construction. For this purpose, samples were extracted from various locations of several buildings. The study of mineralogy was performed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), their thermal behaviour was obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and these data were complemented by chemical analysis by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The aggregate particle size distributions were obtained by dry sieving. Mechanical compressive strength (Rc) and capillarity performance were also evaluated.The results have shown that the mineralogical composition of joint mortars, renders and adobes are similar and the presence of efflorescences was detected in some samples. In general the capillary coefficients of the adobe samples are higher than those of the renders and mortars related with them. The Rc values were similar for the renders, mortars, and adobes. These studies have also been undertaken to support sustainable interventions, allowing the extraction of salts, the consolidation of renders and production of new compatible renders and mortars to substitute and refill the gaps capable of guaranteeing the integrity and prolonging the existence of this kind of architecture and building technique.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Renders, Joint Mortars, and Adobes from Traditional Constructions in Aveiro (Portugal)

Coroado

Paiva

Velosa

et al. 2010

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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“…Mortars are a complex material, constituted of different materials. Analysis of the historical mortar can provide archaeological information regarding the materials and production technique employed [55,56], while analysis of its constituents can provide information regarding the provenance of the historical raw materials used with further archaeological implications and discoveries [49,57]. Typical investigative methods for the characterization of historical mortars-mineralogical and chemical-were analyzed to a great extent by Middendorf et al [58,59].…”

Section: Step 2: Materials Characterization and Mechanical Characterimentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects

et al. 2019

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A methodology aiming to predict the vulnerability of masonry structures under seismic action is presented herein. Masonry structures, among which many are cultural heritage assets, present high vulnerability under earthquake. Reliable simulations of their response to seismic stresses are exceedingly difficult because of the complexity of the structural system and the anisotropic and brittle behavior of the masonry materials. Furthermore, the majority of the parameters involved in the problem such as the masonry material mechanical characteristics and earthquake loading characteristics have a stochastic-probabilistic nature. Within this framework, a detailed analytical methodological approach for assessing the seismic vulnerability of masonry historical and monumental structures is presented, taking into account the probabilistic nature of the input parameters by means of analytically determining fragility curves. The emerged methodology is presented in detail through application on theoretical and built cultural heritage real masonry structures. leading to a final approval (or rejection) of the decisions already taken for repair or strengthening of the existing structure. Step 8: Explanatory ReportThe last step, as a result of the proposed methodology, includes the detailed "Explanatory Report", where all the collected information, the diagnosis, including the safety evaluation, and any decision to intervene should be fully detailed. This document is essential for eventual future analyses and interventions' measures in the structure. Computational and Mathematical AspectsIn this section, the most basic analytical constitutive laws and numerical models required for the successful implementation of the proposed methodology are presented in detail. In particular, the finite element model for the macro-modeling of masonry structures, the failure criteria, the damage indices, the performance levels and the mathematical background of fragility curves are presented.

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“…Several miner-als, like gypsum or clay minerals dehydrate in this temperature range (Wyrwicki 1988, Földvári 2011). However, it is more likely that a calcium-silicate-hydrate phase (C-S-H), typical hydration product of ordinary Portland cement in a mature concrete paste underwent decomposition, since its dehydration peaks usually occur at temperatures in the range of 115-125°C (Sha et al 1999, Bruno et al 2004, Ramachandran et al 2002). The DDSC curve of sample L-2 ( Figure 8B) shows two endothermic peaks at 362 and 460°C, corresponding perfectly to those observed on DTG curve, at 381 and 471°C respectively.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrazzo floor from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw – mineralogical characterization, conservation and impact of fire

Bartz

Martusewicz

2017

Geoscience Records

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Samples of historical terrazzo floor from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, dated back to the thirties of the twentieth century, have been analysed. Investigations by polarised optical microscopy, scanning microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis were preformed. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that terrazzo tiles were prepared on the basis of ordinary Portland cement and aggregate, dominated with crushed stone (marble, serpentinite, limestone and marl), accompanied by sparse quartz sand grains. The binding mass was colourised with the use of pigments containing iron ions. The occurrence of altered serpentinite and marble grains, the latter clouded and partly replaced with micrite, the presence of portlandite, indicate the terrazzo tiles were subjected to thermal impact. This is related to the fire that took place at the beginning of World War II. Based on this study, repair mortars were formulated, on one hand compatible with the authentic ones, on the other retaining traces of fire.

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Chemical–physical and mineralogical investigation on ancient mortars from the archaeological site of Monte Sannace (Bari—Southern Italy)

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization of Renders, Joint Mortars, and Adobes from Traditional Constructions in Aveiro (Portugal)

Characterization of Renders, Joint Mortars, and Adobes from Traditional Constructions in Aveiro (Portugal)

Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects

Terrazzo floor from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw – mineralogical characterization, conservation and impact of fire

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