Chemical Prelithiation/Presodiation Strategies Toward Controllable and Scalable Synthesis of Microsized Nanoporous Tin at Room Temperature for High‐Energy Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Porous Sn (PSn) has aroused extensive attention as an advanced anode for sodium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and small volume expansion. However, as a low‐melt metal, the preparation of PSn at room temperature is a difficult problem. Herein, universal chemical prelithiation/presodiation strategies are reported to rapidly synthesize PSn from commercial Sn powders at ambient temperature. The recyclable pre‐metallation solvents are selected by redox potential analysis to react with Sn to form alloy precursors in a short time. Benefiting from the application of delithiation/desodiation agents with suitable proton concentrations, PSn perfectly inherits the Sn skeleton from precursors. With this method, porous Al, Pb, Bi, and Sb are successfully produced. Finally, the half‐cell with PSn anode prepared by presodiation strategy achieves a great rate property (663 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and prominent cycling performance with 71% capacity retention after 7500 cycles (502 mAh g−1) at 5 A g−1. This work may contribute to the controllable synthesis of other porous metals at room temperature.

Synergized Interface Engineering and Alloying Strategy for In Situ Construction of a Three-Dimensional Lithiophilic Carbon Skeleton: Motivating High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

“…XRD has been performed to validate the phase of Sn@CN@CC and LiSn@CN@CC (panels k and l of Figure ); Sn@CN@CC shows the presence of Li [Powder Diffraction File (PDF) number 15-0401] and Sn (PDF number 86-2264). More importantly, LiSn@CN@CC has Li and Li 22 Sn 5 alloy phases (PDF number 18-0753) as well as the Li 3 N phase (PDF number 30-0759), consistent with the XPS results. This is mainly attributed to the abundant Li source via the melting method.…”

“…As shown in Figure i, the N 1s XPS spectrum can be fitted into four peaks, pyridine N (398.2 eV), pyrrole N (399.6 eV), graphite N (401.1 eV), and nitrogen oxide (403.1 eV), indicating the successful introduction of the N element in the material, which in accordance with EDS results. For the Li 1s XPS spectrum (Figure j), a peak located at 55.4 eV corresponded to the Li–Sn bond, further verifying the successful synthesis of the composite alloy electrode. In addition, the peak located at 55.1 eV proves that nitrogen on the substrate reacts with molten Li to produce Li 3 N .…”

Scalable Synthesis of Bilayer Graphene at Ambient Temperature

“…Preparation of the Bp-Li reagent: Bp + Li → 2 ‐ MTHF Bp * − ‐ Li + ⁡ E = 0.11 ⁡ V The conjugated aromatic ring of biphenyl will stabilize the electron transferred from lithium metal, thus spontaneously forming biphenyl anion radicals and lithium ions. , The newly emerged radicals (Bp* – ) in the Bp-Li complex exhibited a sharp Dysonian peak in Figure c (blue line), while no distinctive signal was observed for the pristine Bp solution (black line). The characteristic absorption peaks of free radicals can also be observed in the UV–vis spectra (Figure S3).…”

Ion‐Molecule Co‐Confining Ammonium Vanadate Cathode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

“…[57] The related Zn 2+ diffusion coefficient was estimated by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) in order to further confirm the impact of CO 2 intercalation on the diffusion properties of the material. The diffusion coefficient of Zn 2+ can be evaluated by the following equation: [58][59]…”