Chemical Processes Applied to Reactive Extrusion of Polymers

Brown, Scott

doi:10.1146/annurev.ms.21.080191.002205

“…But in many cases, physical adhesion alone does not lead to the performance properties for everyday use. However, an improvement in the adhesion of different polymers generally may be expected by (i) flow induced acceleration of reactive coupling rate in melt mixers,3 (ii) deposition of diblock copolymers of both the components inside the interdiffusion boundary layer4–6 or (iii) the in situ formation of chemical bonds between the two components during a reactive extrusion process 7–9. This latter favourable technique also may be successfully extended to the injection moulding procedure and in this way take advantage of the moulding temperature of the process 10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Simulation of Polymer Reactions at Interfaces

John

¹

,

Nagel

²

,

Heinrich

³

2007

Macro Theory & Simulations

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Adhesion of immiscible polymers during two‐component injection moulding may be improved by transreactions of properly functionalised components. We performed MC simulations based on the three‐dimensional coarse‐grained bond fluctuation model (BFM) including a thermal interaction potential in $r \leq \sqrt{6}$ with energy $\varepsilon = \pm 0.1\,k_{\rm B} T$ to characterise the behaviour of several selected types of chemical reactions, which are governed by activation energies of EA = 0, 1, 3 and 5 kBT. The consumption of reactive monomers for all the reactions in the time interval below the Rouse time τR exhibits a typical crossover from a kinetic‐controlled to a diffusion‐controlled behaviour and can be described by a bimolecular kinetic ansatz.magnified image

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“…To produce polymer blends industrially, compatibilization is usually achieved via reactive extrusion of functional polymers. [2,7] Two functional homopolymers can react to form a block or graft copolymer at the interface of the two materials during melt blending which can stabilize the interface in the same way that a block copolymer would. [7] At the same time, diffusion and micelle formation issues are avoided.…”

Section: Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2,7] Two functional homopolymers can react to form a block or graft copolymer at the interface of the two materials during melt blending which can stabilize the interface in the same way that a block copolymer would. [7] At the same time, diffusion and micelle formation issues are avoided. [2] For the reactive extrusion to be effective in compatibilizing the immiscible polymer blend, a pair of cross-reactive functional groups must be used to covalently link the two polymers.…”

Section: Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] The amine-anhydride coupling is especially effective since it provides very fast reactions -a useful feature for compatibilization and processing within an extruder with limited residence times. [4,7,8] An example of this reaction can be seen in Figure 1. …”

Section: Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] Therefore in fuel tanks -the targeted application for this research -the classical approach is to blend relatively hydrophilic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or a poly(amide) such as nylon which are immiscible with hydrophobic PE. [7,13,19] The inherent functionality at the chain end of these barrier polymers makes compatibilization possible when a functional PE is used, such as maleic anhydride grafted PE. When 20 wt.% nylon is dispersed as fine particles within a PE matrix, barrier properties are modestly increased by 20%.…”

Section: Barrier Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Compatibilization of Poly(styrene‐acrylonitrile) (SAN)/Poly(ethylene) Blends via Amine Functionalization of SAN Chain Ends

Oxby

¹

,

Marić

²

2013

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers with excellent chain-end fidelity and low polydispersity M w /M n (1.10 -1.30) were synthesized by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution with a succinimidyl ester (NHS) terminal group from the so-called SG1 nitroxide residue. These copolymers were thermally stabilized by removing the N-tertbutyl-N-[1-diethylphosphono-(2,2-dimethylpropyl) nitroxide] (SG1), and then modified to form primary amine end-functional SAN (SAN-NH 2 ). Homogeneous coupling reactions and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the amine group was effectively placed at the chain end. SAN-NH 2 was reactively blended with maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene) (PE) at 20 wt.% loading at 180 °C and the resulting morphology was compared against the nonreactive blend. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated finer SAN domains ~ 1 μm which were thermally stable upon annealing in the reactive case.The dispersed SAN domains were reoriented using a channel die to impart elongated domains with aspect ratios ~ 14, which would be desirable for barrier materials.ii iii

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Process Intensification, 4. Plant Level

Freund

¹

,

Sundmacher

²

2011

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Heat‐Integrated Chemical Reactors 2.1. Autothermal Fixed‐Bed Reactor Concepts 2.1.1. Weakly Exothermic Reactions 2.1.2. Combination of Exo‐ and Endothermic Reactions 2.2. Desorptive Cooling of Reactors 3. Reactive Separations 3.1. Reactive Distillation 3.2. Reactive Stripping 3.3. Reactive Absorption 3.4. Reactive Extraction 3.5. Reactive Crystallization 3.6. Reactive Adsorption 3.6.1. Discontinuous Chromatographic Reactors 3.6.2. Continuous Chromatographic Reactors 3.6.3. Sorption‐Enhanced Reactors 3.7. Membrane Reactors 4. Other Intensification Concepts on the Plant Level 4.1. Hybrid Separations 4.2. Reactive Mechanical Unit Operations

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Chemical Processes Applied to Reactive Extrusion of Polymers

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Monte Carlo Simulation of Polymer Reactions at Interfaces

Monte Carlo Simulation of Polymer Reactions at Interfaces

Compatibilization of Poly(styrene‐acrylonitrile) (SAN)/Poly(ethylene) Blends via Amine Functionalization of SAN Chain Ends

Process Intensification, 4. Plant Level

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