Chemical profiles of urban fugitive dust PM2.5 samples in Northern Chinese cities

China Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS): The Chinese PM2.5 Database for Source Profiles

“…This ratios (0.15-0.47) are relatively low in our study may account for dust samples mostly from southwest China (Liu et al, 2016b). Ratios of other crustal-related elements such as Si, Fe, Ti and K to Al were also taken as markers to characterize the soil dust from Loess Plateau, desert regions and Asian dust (Kim et al, 2003;Cao et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2014a;Zhang et al, 2014b;Shen et al, 2016). This component can be resuspended from bare soil by local winds (Belis et al, 2013).…”

“…Direct emissions of Pb from vehicles have been forbidden since 2003 in China. This may be attributed to deposits of emissions from earlier vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions as Shen et al (2016) reported in 14 northern Chinese cities.…”

“…The authors found that in the summer natural dust contribute 21% of PM 2.5 , while 11% was emitted from agricultural tilling. Ca and Ca 2+ could be as tracers of cement production and construction dust Kong et al, 2014;Shen et al, 2016) with abundances 8-32 times higher than those of other profiles. The mean Ca/Al ratios ranged from 0.25-0.39 in vehicle exhaust emissions to 0.76-1.99 in urban fugitive dust, confirming previous observations that Ca/Al is a good marker for urban fugitive dust.…”

“…The mean Ca/Al ratios ranged from 0.25-0.39 in vehicle exhaust emissions to 0.76-1.99 in urban fugitive dust, confirming previous observations that Ca/Al is a good marker for urban fugitive dust. Shen et al (2016) used high Ca 2+ /Ca ratios (0.73-0.81) to indicate urban fugitive dust from Chinese north cities. This ratios (0.15-0.47) are relatively low in our study may account for dust samples mostly from southwest China (Liu et al, 2016b).…”

“…An increasing number of studies have devoted to emission features for both anthropogenic and natural pollution sources (Zhang et al, 2007(Zhang et al, , 2008Zhang et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2014a;Cheng et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016b;Pei et al, 2016;Tian et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2016). For example, Shen et al (2016) discussed chemical species' characteristics of fugitive dust from northern Chinese cities on regional scale. Wu et al (2016) analyzed emission characteristics of diesel exhausts in Beijing, and compared differences between profiles of vehicle emission standard of China III and those of China IV.…”