Chemical Profiling of Limonium vulgare Mill. Using UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS2 and GC-MS Analysis

Abstract

Limonium vulgare Mill. is a plant growing widely in harsh environments, such as salt marshes, for which a chemical profile is still unknown, although some interesting bioactivities were already reported. So, this halophyte chemical profile must be established to find the possible bioactive compounds, valorize the species, and contribute to the salt marsh’s exploitation. This work set the chemical profile of L. vulgare’s aerial parts (leaves and inflorescences) using UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS2 and GC-MS analysis. The lipophilic profile showed a richness in fatty acids, alkanes, and terpenoids, β-sitosterol being the major compound in inflorescences in the fruiting stage (0.822 ± 0.015 mg/g of the dry plant) and leaves (0.534 ± 0.017 mg/g of the dry plant). In contrast, in the inflorescences in the flowering stage, the major compound is nonacosane (0.228 ± 0.001 mg/g of the dry plant). The polyphenolic profile demonstrates that L. vulgare produces several flavonoids from which quercetin and myricetin can be highlighted; in particular, myricetin derivatives are prevalent in all extracts. Amongst the flavonoids, myricetin 3-rhamnoside is the most abundant in the inflorescences in the flowering stage (6.35 ± 0.05 mg/g of the dry plant), myricetin in leaves (9.69 ± 0.11 mg/g of the dry plant), and in the inflorescences in the fruiting stage baicalin presents the highest amount (5.15 ± 0.07 mg/g of the dry plant). This is the first report on L. vulgare’s chemical profile and the results indicate that this species is an exciting source of bioactive compounds, suggesting it has a use to produce nutraceuticals and/or pharmaceuticals.

Effect of ferulic acid grafted walnut shell hemicellulose B on the flavor of traditional pickle fermentation

“…Two types of β-myrcene appeared in the non-added samples, which were speculated by MS according to the consistent characteristic peaks. However, due to the significant difference in retention time between the two types, it indicated that the two molecules may be isomers (Carius et al, 2022;Rodríguez-Pérez et al, 2013), which lead to different affinity between gas molecules and the solid phase of the column. The retention time and characteristic peaks of β-myrcene in the FHB sample were basically the same as those in the sample of non-added, so they were the same substance in molecular structure.…”

Coastal Halophytes: Potent Source of Bioactive Molecules from Saline Environment

“…However, since the specific conditions of particular saline habitat cause the specific metabolic response of plant species, various factors must be considered [40]. In the most recent study, Carius et al [41] analyzed the chemical profile of aerial parts of L. vulgare collected in Portugal and demonstrated a richness in polyphenolic compounds, but with differences among plant parts and stage of development. Additionally, investigation of antioxidant activities demonstrated variability among the Limonium species in relation to the environmental conditions of their natural biotopes, whereas when comparing eight Limonium species from Tunisia including L. boitardii, L. delicatulum, L. densiflorum, L. ferulaceum, L. spathulatum, L. tunetanum, L. virgatum, and L. vulgare, species L. vulgare was the one with the highest antioxidant capacity [42].…”