Chemical Profiling Using Uplc Q‐Tof/Ms and Antioxidant Activities of Fortunella Fruits

Abstract

The fruits of Fortunella Swingle are widely consumed as fresh fruits and traditional medicine in China. China is the origin center and has the largest cultivated area of the genus Fortunella. In this study, the chemical compositions of ethanol extracts of the major Fortunella cultivated types including Fortunella japonica Swingle, Fortunella margarita Swingle, Fortunella crassifolia Swingle 1 (Lanshang) and Fortunella crassifolia Swingle 2 (Liuyang) were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/MS) method, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. 12 compounds were identified and 5 compounds were tentatively characterized. The results showed that the chemical compositions of the ethanol extracts of 4 Fortunella cultivated types were largely the same. 3', 5'-di-C-glucopyranosylphloretin was the predominant flavonoid in Fortunella fruits, and Fortunella margarita Swingle had higher contents of flavonoids than other species. In addition, the data demonstrated high antioxidant activities of Fortunella fruits. The developed method could be available to rapidly analyze the chemical compounds in Fortunella fruits and its products. This study will provide information for further quality assessment and utilization of Fortunella resources.

Efficiency of Kumquat Fruit (Fortunella margarita) Extract against Hepatotoxicity and Infertility Induced by Gamma Irradiation in Male Albino Rats

“…These previous effects may be attributed to the presence of carotenoids which reported to have antioxidant activities as they are capable of scavenging ROS, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inducing detoxifying enzymes (Yeh et al, 2009). Many studies revealed that F. margarita contains carotenoids including, β-Carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin (Schirra et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2007 Tan et al (2016) reported that the antioxidant capacity of F. margarita is very high and this is attributed to the high content of flavonoids since flavonoids were usually regarded as the basis of antioxidant capacity. It was reported that flavonoids strongly inhibit production of lipid peroxidation and enhance the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism (Pavanato et al, 2003).…”

Simultaneous quantitative determination of 11 sesquiterpene lactones in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosusL.) leaves by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

“…Compared with conventional HPLC, UHPLC is proven to be an efficient chromatographic separation tool, which not only has higher analytical sensitivity and better peak shapes, but also gives a greater resolution within a shorter retention time . Besides, UHPLC can be coupled to Q‐TOF‐MS, which provides improved mass measurement accuracy and high sensitivity to make the detection easier than UV detection, especially for those non‐UV‐absorbing terpenes in traditional herbal medicine . Moreover, MS detection can provide more extensive structural information than UV, even in the absence of standard samples .…”

Traditional Small-Size Citrus from Taiwan: Essential Oils, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity

“…The antioxidant potential of volatile compounds is well established as phenolics and secondary metabolites with conjugated double bonds [ 34 ]. All citrus essential oils have radical-scavenging activity, the efficacy of which seems to depend on the content of such compounds as γ-terpinene, terpinolene, and citral, all of which exhibit notable activity [ 35 , 36 ]. According to the previous literature, carvacrol, which is found in the essential oils of thymol and origanum, has DPPH-scavenging capacity [ 35 ].…”

“…All citrus essential oils have radical-scavenging activity, the efficacy of which seems to depend on the content of such compounds as γ-terpinene, terpinolene, and citral, all of which exhibit notable activity [ 35 , 36 ]. According to the previous literature, carvacrol, which is found in the essential oils of thymol and origanum, has DPPH-scavenging capacity [ 35 ]. Moreover, in essential oils of citrus fruits, citral has been found to have greater oxidation stability than limonene and linalool [ 37 ].…”