Chemical properties of different rattan species traded in Central Sulawesi Province

Abstract

The aim of this study was to undstand chemical properties of different rattan species traded in Central Sulawesi Province. The chemical of rattan were tested according to SII.1657-85 for wich character of holoselulosa, SII.0443-81 for wich character of -selulosa, SII.0528-81 for wich character of lignin, and SII.1292.85 for wich character of silica. The study indicated that chemical properties of rattan varied amongst the species. The differences are supposed to have important criteria in identifying different species of rattan species traded in Central Sulawesi. Based on the result the highest quality of rattan is Calamus inops and the lowest is Calamus ornatus var. celebicus (lambang).© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: chemical, rattan, traded. PENDAHULUANRotan tumbuh subur di daerah tropik, termasuk Indonesia. Di Sulawesi, rotan banyak ditemukan di Kendari, Kolaka, Tawuti, Donggala, Poso, Buol Toli-toli, Gorontalo, Palopo, Buton dan Pegunungan Latimojong (Alrasjid, 1980). Dalam klasifikasi tumbuhan, rotan termasuk suku Palmae dan digolongkan dalam anak suku Calamoideae. Di Asia Tenggara diperkirakan terdapat lebih dari 516 jenis rotan yang berasal dari sembilan marga, yaitu: Calamus, Daemonorops, Korthalsia, Plectocomia, Plectocomiopsis, Myrialepis, Calosphata, Bejaudia, dan Ceratolobus. (Dransfield, 1974, 1979Cronquist, 1981;Uhl dan Dransfield, 1987;Mogea, 2006). Pengelompokan jenis-jenis rotan lazimnya didasarkan atas persamaan ciri-ciri atau sifat-sifat morfologinya, seperti akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, dan alat-alat tambahan. Penerapan sifat morfologi saja kadang-kadang menemui kelemahan, sehingga penempatan suatu takson dalam klasifikasi sering diragukan.Penentuan jenis dan kualitas rotan yang diperdagangkan hanya didasarkan pada penampakan dan kekerasan batangnya sesuai SII-0802-83 tentang ukuran rotan batangan berkulit, SII-01-3526-1994 tentang standar mutu rotan bulat dan Standar Kehutanan Indonesia tentang klasifikasi kualitas rotan sesuai Surat keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. 54/Kpts-II/1985. Syarat kualitas yang ditetapkan dalam perdagangan rotan lebih menekankan pada penampakan morfologi batang, tanpa memperhatikan aspek lainnya seperti sifat fisik, mekanik, dan sifat kimia batangnya (Rachman dan Jasni, 2006;Tellu, 2007), sehingga sering menimbulkan kerancuan. Secara morfologi, sifat batang seringkali memiliki kesamaan antara satu jenis dengan jenis lainnya, misalnya Calamus koordersianus dengan C. zollingerii dan C. inops dengan C. leiocaulis. Jika rotan yang berkualitas dicampur dengan yang tidak berkualitas, maka kualitas produk rotan menjadi rendah dan berakibat harga jualnya turun (Tellu, 2007).Penelitian tentang kimia rotan, hingga sekarang belum banyak dilakukan. Salah satu jenis rotan yang telah diteliti adalah C. caesius. Jika batang rotan ini dilengkungkan terjadi retak-retak dan terkelupas, karena adanya kristal silika pada bagian epidermis (Parameswaran

Anatomical, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Durability Properties of Two Rattan Species of Different Diameter Classes

“…The holocellulose content, which was about 78%, was identical in all rattan samples. This value agrees with previous studies [18,37]. The highest lignin content of 17.9% was obtained in C. zollingeri with a 30 mm diameter, while the C. ornatus exhibited the lowest lignin content of 9.1%.…”

The Diversity of Rattan Types at Various Height of Growing Areas in Rompo Village Lore Lindu National Park Area, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

“…The results of observation and data collection obtained as many as 8 types of rattan as presented in Table 1 Generally, the shape and nature of rattan can be distinguished based on the number of stems per clump, rooting system, the form of climbing tools, the form of leaf, flower and fruit development [11]. The number of stems per clump varies depending on the type, there is a single stem ("solitary") and there is a group / cluster ("cluster").…”

“…Heyne), Karuku (Calamus macrosphaerica Becc), Tohiti Wulo (Calamus sp) only found at an altitude of 1,135 -1178 m asl.Figure9provides more detailed information on the existence of rattan species, namely the higher the area where the rattan is grown, the fewer types of rattan that can grow and only small rattan can grow on high ground, especially Tohiti rattan and large rattan cannot be found any more like Lambang rattan Types of rattan that are easily obtained and widely used by the community for local consumption are rattan rods and symbols because it grows below 500 asl and the price is not too expensive, can be used for making household materials such as chairs / sofas, shelves, tables and cabinets[16]. It is expected that from the mapping of rattan obtained can be made permanent plots for nurseries at each growth height so that certain types of rattan are not extinct[11] and can increase Regional Original Revenue[17]. The main objective of rattan inventory is to use the data for planning protective strategy in managing depleting resources[18].…”