Chemical Proteomic Profiling of Protein Fatty-Acylation in Microbial Pathogens

Abstract

Protein fatty-acylation describes the covalent modification of protein with fatty acids during or after translation. Chemical proteomic profiling methods have provided new opportunities to explore protein fatty-acylation in microbial pathogens. Recent studies suggest that protein fatty-acylation is essential to survival and pathogenesis of eukaryotic pathogens such as parasites and fungi. Moreover, fatty-acylation in host cells can be exploited or manipulated by pathogenic bacteria. Herein, we first review the prevalent classes of fatty-acylation in microbial pathogens and the chemical proteomic profiling methods for their global analysis. We then summarize recent fatty-acylation profiling studies performed in eukaryotic pathogens and during bacterial infections, highlighting how they contribute to functional characterization of fatty-acylation under these contexts.

Protein S -palmitoylation in immunity

“…CCR5 and other S-palmitoylated cell surface receptors like EGFR are also used by viruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza A virus (IAV), respectively, to enter the host cell successfully. Moreover, It should be noted that S-palmitoylation not only plays a role in the host immune system but the host S-palmitoylation machinery is also exploited by many viral or bacterial proteins for host infection [93,94]. For example, S-palmitoylation of the currently pandemic SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by DHHC5 is important for virus entry in ACE2 expressing cells [95].…”

Protein Palmitoylation Modification During Viral Infection and Detection Methods of Palmitoylated Proteins

“…Therefore, it is important to develop reliable and practical detection methods to analyze the palmitoylation modification of proteins. Researchers have utilized the latest technologies and have made considerable progress in exploring the pathogenesis of diseases related to palmitoylation (Brigidi and Bamji, 2013;Gu and Robinson, 2016;Gao and Hannoush, 2018;Peng and Hang, 2019). However, in the last decade, only a few research teams have systematically reviewed the detection methods of palmitoylation (Lanyon-Hogg et al, 2017;Gao and Hannoush, 2018;Zaballa and van der Goot, 2018;Lu and Fang, 2020).…”