Chemical quality and regulatory compliance of drinking water in Iceland

Gunnarsdóttir, María J.; Garðarsson, Sigurður M.; Jónsson, Gunnar St.; Bartram, Jamie

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.011

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In Spain, median concentrations were 3.5 mg/L NO 3 (range: 0.4−66.8) in 108 municipalities in 2012 [ 22 ], and 4.2 mg/L (range: <1−29) in 11 provinces in 2010 [ 23 ]. Levels in other countries included a median of 0.18 mg/L (range: <0.02−7.9) in Iceland in 2001−2012 [ 24 ], a mean of 16.1 mg/L (range: 0.05−296 mg/L) in Sicily, Italy in 2004−2005 [ 25 ] and a range from undetected to 63.3 mg/L in Deux-Sèvres, France in in 2005−2009 [ 26 ].…”

Section: Drinking Water Nitrate Exposures In the United States Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review

Ward

Jones

Brender

et al. 2018

IJERPH

973

487

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Nitrate levels in our water resources have increased in many areas of the world largely due to applications of inorganic fertilizer and animal manure in agricultural areas. The regulatory limit for nitrate in public drinking water supplies was set to protect against infant methemoglobinemia, but other health effects were not considered. Risk of specific cancers and birth defects may be increased when nitrate is ingested under conditions that increase formation of N-nitroso compounds. We previously reviewed epidemiologic studies before 2005 of nitrate intake from drinking water and cancer, adverse reproductive outcomes and other health effects. Since that review, more than 30 epidemiologic studies have evaluated drinking water nitrate and these outcomes. The most common endpoints studied were colorectal cancer, bladder, and breast cancer (three studies each), and thyroid disease (four studies). Considering all studies, the strongest evidence for a relationship between drinking water nitrate ingestion and adverse health outcomes (besides methemoglobinemia) is for colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, and neural tube defects. Many studies observed increased risk with ingestion of water nitrate levels that were below regulatory limits. Future studies of these and other health outcomes should include improved exposure assessment and accurate characterization of individual factors that affect endogenous nitrosation.

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Section: Drinking Water Nitrate Exposures In the United States Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review

Ward

Jones

Brender

et al. 2018

IJERPH

973

487

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Assessment of ambient water quality determines its use for humans and ecological purposes. 1,2 Anthropogenic activities make the surface and ground water highly polluted 3 owing to the fact that surface water is extensively being used in industrial activities, agriculture sector, domestic and municipal facilities. As clean water is highly demanded, it can be derived from various sources but unfortunately, surface waters most often have threat of begin polluted and their low quality status leads to public health issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring Water Quality and Human Health: An Assessment of Natural Springs of Margalla Hills Islamabad Zone-III

Batool¹,

Samad²,

Kazmi³

et al. 2018

IJH

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Water is the earth's most valuable compound that is fundamental for humans as well as all other living forms and seems to be inexhaustible. Unfortunately the outlook for the world's fresh water supply is not very hopeful. Moreover shortage of fresh water throughout the world can be directly attributed to human misuse in the form of pollution. Water is used for number of purposes like drinking, bathing and washing etc. so it must be free from toxic materials for healthy human and aquatic life. Among surface waters, springs' water is usually considered as safe for drinking. In the present study, springs' water of Margalla Hill Zone III Islamabad was assessed to clarify the concern about the quality and safety of this water used for drinking purposes in terms of physico-chemical (color, temperature, pH, odor, turbidity, hardness, TDS, EC, alkalinity, DO, Cl -, NO 2 -, NO 3 2-, SO 4 2-, heavy metals) and microbiological parameters (total Coliform, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus auerus). For this purpose, 15 water samples were collected from five different sites of Margalla Hills. Results showed that WHO drinking water standards were exceeded for EC, DO, cadmium, lead and microbiological parameters which may be detrimental for human health if water is consumed on daily basis. All other selected parameters did not exceed WHO drinking water standards and therefore, water from the sampling area does not pose any significant threat to consumer's health.

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“…As an example, there has been a significant reduction in the presence of the fecal indicator E. coli in drinking water (EC, 2014(EC, & 2016. However, many studies have shown that the water quality at small water supplies is poorer than for large water supplies and information on their status is often lacking (EC, 2014;Beaudeau et al, 2010;Hulsmann, 2005;Pitkänen et al, 2011;Hendry & Akoumianaki, 2016;Gunnarsdottir et al, 2017a;Gunnarsdottir et al, 2016;Gunnarsdottir et al, 2015). Sixty-five million European citizens, or around 8%, are estimated to be served by small water supplies and two million are without water service (Klaassens et al, 2016;Hulsmann, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water safety plan enhancements with improved drinking water quality detection techniques

Gunnarsdóttir

Garðarsson

Figueras

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Chemical quality and regulatory compliance of drinking water in Iceland

Abstract: Introduction

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review

Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review

Spring Water Quality and Human Health: An Assessment of Natural Springs of Margalla Hills Islamabad Zone-III

Water safety plan enhancements with improved drinking water quality detection techniques

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