Chemical Quality of Surface Water of Bhola Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh for Irrigation, Aquaculture, Drinking and Livestock Consumption

Abstract

Abstract:A study was carried out with 25 pond water samples of Bhola Sadar Upazila to assess the quality of surface water for irrigation, aquaculture, drinking and livestock consumption. Chemical analyses of different parameters were done to assess the quality of water. All of the water samples showed slightly acidic in nature. Sixteen surface water samples were not suitable for drinking and aquaculture in respect of pH (pH <6.5). Electrical conductivity (EC) categorized the waters as "low salinity" (C1) to "medium salinity" (C2) class for irrigation. With respect to total dissolved solids surface waters were within "highest desirable limit" for drinking and irrigation and suitable for livestock consumption and aquaculture. Calcium and Magnesium content rated the samples as "maximum permissible" and "highest desirable" limit for drinking. All the samples were suitable for drinking in case of Na and K, 21 samples were not suitable for aquaculture due to higher (>5.0 mg L -1 ) K content. Six samples were unsuitable for livestock due to higher ) Cl values. SSP rated 9 samples as "good", 1 as "excellent", 6 as "doubtful" and 9 as "permissible" for irrigation. With respe ct to RSC 21 samples were "suitable", 3 were "marginal" and 1 was "unsuitable" for irrigation. Hardness classified 14 samples within "moderately hard", 10 within "soft" and only one as "hard" limit for irrigation and 1 sample (No. 16) was unsuitable for livestock consumption. P, B, Cu and As concentration categorized all the samples suitable for irrigation, aquaculture, drinking and livestock consumption.

Suitability study of some surface water samples of Madhupur tract for irrigation, aquaculture and livestock consumption

“…The respective mean values were 0.72, 1.67, 0.17 and 0.02me L -1 (Table 1). Ca and Mg concentrations of the water samples of present study were almost similar to the findings of Karim et al (2013) and Nizam et al (2010).…”

“…HCO 3 ranged from 0.50 to 5.00 me L -1 , with the average value of 2.88 me L -1 . The presented average value of HCO 3 was higher than that of the result of Karim et al (2013) and similar to the findings of Nizam et al (2010) and Taslima (2012). HCO 3…”

“…-1 , with the mean, SD and %CV were 0.75, 0.39 and 52.09, respectively (Table1). Average Cl status of the present study was far below the Cl contents of the samples studied by Karim et al (2013). They obtained higher Cl content because their study area was very close to the coastal belt of Bangladesh.…”

Enhancing groundwater quality assessment in coastal area: A hybrid modeling approach

“…It is crucial to acknowledge that several studies have documented the degradation of GWQ, especially in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, including the Bhola district [ 4 , 55 , 67 ]. Factors contributing to this degradation include excessive abstraction, improper disposal of industrial and municipal wastes, intensified application of agrochemicals, land use changes, and saline water intrusion [ 4 , [92] , [93] , [94] ].…”

“…However, being the only island district of Bangladesh, the GW resources of Bhola have gained lesser attention of the scientific community in terms of rating GW state. Although a few studies have been conducted to assess the GWQ of Bhola, none of these studies have utilized the state-of-the-art WQI modeling approaches [ 4 , 67 ]. Therefore, the present study utilized the RMS-WQI model for assessing the GWQ of Bhola.…”