Chemical Reaction Engineering to Understand Applied Kinetics in Free Enzyme Homogeneous Reactors

Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization

“…Under these conditions, the conversion of the reactor would decrease. 86,490 On the contrary, if the enzyme loading is too high, the volumetric activity would also be high, and the contact time (residence time) between the catalyst and the reaction medium might be too short. This might generate high superficial velocities that increase pressure drop over the bed and result in preferential channels through the reactor (so-called channeling), and also decreasing the effectiveness of enzyme use.…”

“…However, for process implementation kinetic stability is more relevant. 4,89,382,490,494,495 Still the researcher must decide about the amount of information acquired in the context of catalyst development. While analysis under real operational conditions would require extremely long experiments that would slowdown the immobilization development process, a first screening for stabilization consists in the selection of denaturing conditions where the reference catalyst is inactivated in the timeframe of minutes or hours.…”

“…311,326,364 Another possibility is the study of complete reaction courses, where data of concentration-time are obtained. 89,490,494,[500][501][502] These data can be also used for kinetic modelling, and also identification of different types of inactivation and inhibition. 89,490,494,[500][501][502] In any case the enzyme activity or the apparent kinetic constants are the result of a interplay of different factors, namely structural factors of immobilization and the enzyme microenvironment.…”

“…89,490,494,[500][501][502] These data can be also used for kinetic modelling, and also identification of different types of inactivation and inhibition. 89,490,494,[500][501][502] In any case the enzyme activity or the apparent kinetic constants are the result of a interplay of different factors, namely structural factors of immobilization and the enzyme microenvironment. 224,302,326,335,362,503 Structural consequences of immobilization involve multiple phenomena across different scales from enzyme distribution to structural alteration of the immobilized enzyme.…”

Monitoring and control of the release of soluble O2 from H2O2 inside porous enzyme carrier for O2 supply to an immobilized d‐amino acid oxidase

“…The time interval was 20 s and the mean [O 2 ] from the interval was used. Reaction rates dependent on [O 2 ] are thus calculated (Lorente‐Arevalo et al, 2021a, 2022).…”