Chemical Reactions for the Synthesis of Organic Nanomaterials on Surfaces

Gao, Hailing; Arado, Oscar Díaz; Mönig, Harry; Fuchs, Harald

doi:10.1002/9783527682157.ch01

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Nevertheless, there is a high technological relevance to the related interfaces. In such cases, a distinct contrast of the outer bond structure obtained already in the attractive regime in NC-AFM experiments could provide important insights for the bottom-up synthesis of molecular architectures obtained by self-assembly or on-surface chemical reactions. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submolecular Imaging by Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy with an Oxygen Atom Rigidly Connected to a Metallic Probe

Mönig

Hermoso²,

Arado

et al. 2015

ACS Nano

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In scanning probe microscopy, the imaging characteristics in the various interaction channels crucially depend on the chemical termination of the probe tip. Here we analyze the contrast signatures of an oxygen-terminated copper tip with a tetrahedral configuration of the covalently bound terminal O atom. Supported by first-principles calculations we show how this tip termination can be identified by contrast analysis in noncontact atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy (NC-AFM, STM) on a partially oxidized Cu(110) surface. After controlled tip functionalization by soft indentations of only a few angstroms in an oxide nanodomain, we demonstrate that this tip allows imaging an organic molecule adsorbed on Cu(110) by constant-height NC-AFM in the repulsive force regime, revealing its internal bond structure. In established tip functionalization approaches where, for example, CO or Xe is deliberately picked up from a surface, these probe particles are only weakly bound to the metallic tip, leading to lateral deflections during scanning. Therefore, the contrast mechanism is subject to image distortions, artifacts, and related controversies. In contrast, our simulations for the O-terminated Cu tip show that lateral deflections of the terminating O atom are negligible. This allows a detailed discussion of the fundamental imaging mechanisms in high-resolution NC-AFM experiments. With its structural rigidity, its chemically passivated state, and a high electron density at the apex, we identify the main characteristics of the O-terminated Cu tip, making it a highly attractive complementary probe for the characterization of organic nanostructures on surfaces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submolecular Imaging by Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy with an Oxygen Atom Rigidly Connected to a Metallic Probe

Mönig

Hermoso²,

Arado

et al. 2015

ACS Nano

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“…In contrast, the last years have illustrated several examples of how on-surface synthesis can be used to manufacture single-layer polymers. ,− In principle, tailor-made structural properties may be obtained, although some issues need to be resolved before reliable control is achieved, such as poor crystallinity and small size. On-surface reactions have been inspired by solution-chemistry polymerization reactions; however, due to the confinement to two dimensions, where the reactions often are promoted by a metal surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, the reaction pathways can be fundamentally different. ,, Among a myriad of on-surface reactions, ,− Ullmann-type coupling is one of the most widely studied. Different precursor molecules ,− have been investigated on various metals ,, as well as on decoupling layers − and insulating surfaces. , A downside of Ullmann coupling is the production of halogen atoms remaining on the surface and polluting the reaction template.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interplay of Chemical and Electronic Structure on the Single-Molecule Level in 2D Polymerization

et al. 2016

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Single layers of covalently linked organic materials in the form of two-dimensional (2D) polymers constitute structures complementary to inorganic 2D materials. The electronic properties of 2D polymers may be manipulated through a deliberate choice of the organic precursors. Here we address the changes in electronic structure-from precursor molecule to oligomer-by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. For this purpose, we introduce the polymerization reaction of 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene via decarboxylation on Cu(111), which is thoroughly characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. We present a comprehensive study of a contamination-free on-surface coupling scheme and study how dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, and polymerization affect the electronic structure on the molecular level.

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Chemical Reactions for the Synthesis of Organic Nanomaterials on Surfaces

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

Submolecular Imaging by Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy with an Oxygen Atom Rigidly Connected to a Metallic Probe

Submolecular Imaging by Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy with an Oxygen Atom Rigidly Connected to a Metallic Probe

Interplay of Chemical and Electronic Structure on the Single-Molecule Level in 2D Polymerization

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