Chemical reactions in the hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass and in the catalytic hydrogenation upgrading of biocrude

Hao, Botian; Xu, Donghai; Jiang, Gedong; Sabri, Tanveer Ahmed; Jing, Zhou; Guo, Yang

doi:10.1039/d0gc02893b

Cited by 84 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…The variation in reaction pressure implied that the catalyst aided in the formation of more H 2 and C-containing gases, primarily by promoting water–gas shift and decarbonation reactions. 23,36 The other gases of the gas phase could have resulted from the cracking of longer chain alkanes. 18,38,39…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,19 The amino acids in HTL follow two reaction pathways, deamination to yield organic acids and ammonia and/or decarboxylation to generate amines and carbon dioxide, 20,21 whereas fatty acids at elevated temperatures undergo decarboxylation to yield ketones, alkanes, and alkenes and triglycerides polymerize to form high-molecular-weight structures. 7,22,23 Catalysts also plays a significant role in the product selectivity of HTL by favouring bio-oil production rather than char formation. 7,11,15 Homogeneous catalysts (MgSO 4 , MnCl 2 , K 2 CO 3 , NaOH, KOH, etc. )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus sp. biomass integrated with dark-fermentation: biocrude and low-carbon fuel production in a biorefinery approach

Kopperi

Katakojwala

Mohan

2022

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus sp. biomass integrated with dark-fermentation: biocrude and low-carbon fuel production in a biorefinery approach

Kopperi

Katakojwala

Mohan

2022

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…As shown in Figure 4, the O/C ratio of the bio-crude derived from the catalytic runs is less than the value related to the bio-crude achieved from the non-catalytic test. The mentioned observation can potentially verify the reactivity of the secondary catalysts in the promotion of deoxygenation reactions [44,49]. On the other hand, protein compounds were decomposed into amino acids, amines, and nitro-cyclic compounds under basic conditions [50,51].…”

Section: Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation

et al. 2021

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This study focuses on the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp) by hydrothermal liquefaction. Thereby, homogeneous alkali catalysts (KOH, NaOH, K2CO3, and Na2CO3) and a residual aqueous phase recirculation methodology were mutually employed to enhance the bio-crude yield and energy efficiency of a sub-critical hydrothermal conversion (350 °C, 15–20 Mpa, 15 min). Interestingly, single recirculation of the concentrated aqueous phase positively increased the bio-crude yield in all cases, while the higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-crudes slightly dropped. Compared to the non-catalytic experiment, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 effectively increased the bio-crude yield by 14 and 7.3%, respectively. However, KOH and NaOH showed a negative variation in the bio-crude yield. The highest bio-crude yield (37.5 wt.%) and energy recovery (ER) (59.4%) were achieved when K2CO3 and concentrated aqueous phase recirculation were simultaneously applied to the process. The inorganics distribution results obtained by ICP reveal the tendency of the alkali elements to settle into the aqueous phase, which, if recovered, can potentially boost the circularity of the HTL process. Therefore, wise selection of the alkali catalyst along with aqueous phase recirculation assists hydrothermal liquefaction in green biofuel production and environmentally friendly valorization of biopulp.

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“…Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which after thermochemical treatment can be converted into bio-crude oil, biochar, a gas mixture (CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2 , depending on the type of biomass and reaction conditions) and an aqueous phase, mainly composed of alcohols, acids and phenols [ 4 , 5 ]. Hydrothermal liquefaction is currently one of the most advantageous method for biomass conversion and both, pre-treated bio-crude oil and the aqueous phase produced via this method, have the potential to be used as sources of transport biofuels and other added-value chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cation-doping strategies for tuning of zirconia acid–base properties

Delarmelina

Catlow

2022

R. Soc. open sci.

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The role of Y-, Ca- and Ce-doping of cubic zirconia (c-ZrO 2 ) (111) surface on its acidity, basicity and the interplay between surface acid–base pairs is investigated by computational methods. The most stable surface structures for this investigation were initially determined based on previous studies of Y-doped c-ZrO 2 (111) and by a detailed exploration of the most stable configuration for Ca-doped c-ZrO 2 (111) and Ce-doped c-ZrO 2 (111). Next, surface mapping by basic probe molecules (NH 3 and pyridine) revealed a general reduction of the acidity of the surface sites, although a few exceptions were observed for zirconium ions at next nearest neighbour (NNN) positions to the oxygen vacancy and at the nearest neighbour (NN) position to the dopants. Adsorption of CO 2 over basic sites revealed a cooperative interplay between acid–base groups. In this case, however, the overall effect observed was the decrease of the calculated adsorption energies when compared with the pristine surface. Moreover, spontaneous formation of η 3 -CO 2 systems from initial η 2 -CO 2 configurations indicates a decrease in the required energy for forming oxygen vacancies in the doped ZrO 2 systems at NNN positions or further away from the existing vacancy site.

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Chemical reactions in the hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass and in the catalytic hydrogenation upgrading of biocrude

Abstract: Imbalance between energy demand and supply and environmental pollution make it necessary to develop renewable energy as an alternative energy source. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass is a promising method...

Cited by 84 publications

References 208 publications

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus sp. biomass integrated with dark-fermentation: biocrude and low-carbon fuel production in a biorefinery approach

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus sp. biomass integrated with dark-fermentation: biocrude and low-carbon fuel production in a biorefinery approach

Bio-Crude Production Improvement during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biopulp by Simultaneous Application of Alkali Catalysts and Aqueous Phase Recirculation

Cation-doping strategies for tuning of zirconia acid–base properties

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