Chemical reactions of organic compounds in supercritical water gasification and oxidation

Ning, Wei; Xu, Donghai; Hao, Botian; Guo, Shuhai; Guo, Yang; Wang, Shuzhong

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.116634

Cited by 130 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…The pressure is maintained above the vapor pressure at the reaction temperature in HTL processes. On the other hand, high pressure causes a need for tough equipment, e.g., thicker reactors decreased with concentration and oxygen addition/major exergy destruction is in the reactor, heat exchanger, and preheater/hydrogen production costs are lower in the SCWG [84] The main chemical reactions of organic compounds in supercritical water and the intermediate products in the SCWG and SCWO processes Hydrocarbons, proteins, cellulose, lignin, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, and some N-, Cl-, Br-, F-, S-and P-containing organic matters They recommended the removal of heteroatoms for organic compounds containing Cl, Br, F, S, and P to avoid pollution risks [85] Reviewed the role of water in converting biomass feedstock to syngas Petrochemical waste, mixed plastics, food waste, sewage sludge, used tires, animal manure, industrial effluents, and municipal solid waste High pressure and temperature increase corrosion/heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts are effective, deactivation, sintering, and recovery are still challenges/biorefinery concept to reduce the costs [86] Reviewed the operational parameters, including reaction temperature, pressure, residence time, feed concentration, and catalysts affecting hydrogen production in the SCWG…”

Section: Current State-of-art In Scwg and Htl Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of operational issues in hydrothermal liquefaction and supercritical water gasification processes: a review

Ghavami

Özdenkçi

Salierno

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Biomass is often referred to as a carbon–neutral energy source, and it has a role in reducing fossil fuel depletion. In addition, biomass can be converted efficiently into various forms of biofuels. The biomass conversion processes involve several thermochemical, biochemical, and hydrothermal methods for biomass treatment integration. The most common conversion routes to produce biofuels include pyrolysis and gasification processes. On the other hand, supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) are best suitable for converting biomass and waste with high moisture content. Despite promising efficiencies, SCWG and HTL processes introduce operational issues as obstacles to the industrialization of these technologies. The issues include process safety aspects due to operation conditions, plugging due to solid deposition, corrosion, pumpability of feedstock, catalyst sintering and deactivation, and high production costs. The methods to address these issues include various reactor configurations to avoid plugging and optimizing process conditions to minimize other issues. However, there are only a few studies investigating the operational issues as the main scope, and reviews are seldomly available in this regard. Therefore, further research is required to address operational problems. This study reviews the main operational problems in SCWG and HTL. The objective of this study is to enhance the industrialization of these processes by investigating the operational issues and the potential solutions, i.e., contributing to the elimination of the obstacles. A comprehensive study on the operational issues provides a holistic overview of the biomass conversion technologies and biorefinery concepts to promote the industrialization of SCWG and HTL.

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Section: Current State-of-art In Scwg and Htl Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of operational issues in hydrothermal liquefaction and supercritical water gasification processes: a review

Ghavami

Özdenkçi

Salierno

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…Oxygen is the most used oxidant agent in SCWO [90,92,[97][98][99][100][101], which is supplied to the system at various concentrations. Another oxidant used is H 2 O 2 [13,15,34,54,55,59,93,94,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108] which during the preheating decomposes and yield molecular oxygen [98,108].…”

Section: Supercritical Water Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

et al. 2021

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In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering that SCW technologies are green and energetically effective, to implement them on a large scale is a worldwide interest. However, issues related to the stability and functionality of materials used in the harsh conditions of SCW reactors still need to be addressed. Here we present an overview on materials used in the SCW technologies for energy harvesting from wastes. There are catalysts based on metals or metal oxides, and we discuss on these materials’ efficiency and selectivity in SCW conditions. We focus on processes relevant to the waste-to-energy field, such as supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). We discuss the results reported, mainly in the last decades in connection to the current concept of supercritical pseudo-boiling (PB), a phenomenon occurring at the phase change from liquid-like (LL) to gas-like (GL) state of a fluid. This review aims to be a useful database that provides guidelines for the selection of the abovementioned functional materials (catalysts, catalyst supports, and sorbents) for the SCW process, starting from wastes and ending with energy-relevant products.

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“…Triggered by various signals, whether the regulation and the potential ban of the reprotoxic polar aprotic solvents via the substance of very high concern process from REACH [1] or via the quest for Sustainable Development Goals as defined by the United Nations [2], various neoteric solvents [3,4] or even applications of supercritical media such as water [5] have emerged. Water, which had been used sporadically mostly for biphasic processes, for in-or on-water chemistry [6], appeared as a viable sustainable option with the advent of a variety of so-called 'benign by design' surfactants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic synthesis in Aqueous Multiphase Systems — Challenges and opportunities ahead of us

Hauk

Wencel‐Delord

Ackermann

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science

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Chemical reactions of organic compounds in supercritical water gasification and oxidation

Cited by 130 publications

References 191 publications

Analysis of operational issues in hydrothermal liquefaction and supercritical water gasification processes: a review

Analysis of operational issues in hydrothermal liquefaction and supercritical water gasification processes: a review

Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

Organic synthesis in Aqueous Multiphase Systems — Challenges and opportunities ahead of us

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